SGI Freeware 1999 August/SGI Freeware 1999 August.iso/dist/fw_screen.idb/usr/freeware/catman/u_man/cat1/screen.Z/screen

Text File | 1998-10-28 | 140.4 KB | 3,500 lines

/xlv1/freeware/1998.Oct/screen/3.7.4/screen-3.7.4.diffbuild/doc



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     NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
      screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation



     SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
      ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn [ ----_o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [    _c_m_d [ _a_r_g_s ] ]
      ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn ----rrrr [ [_p_i_d.]_t_t_y[._h_o_s_t] ]



     DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
      _S_c_r_e_e_n is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a
      physical terminal between several processes (typically
      interactive shells).    Each virtual terminal provides the
      functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several
      control functions from the ANSI X3.64    (ISO 6429) and ISO
      2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
      multiple character sets).  There is a    scrollback history
      buffer for each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste
      mechanism that allows    moving text regions between windows.

      When _s_c_r_e_e_n is called, it creates a single window with a
      shell    in it (or the specified    command) and then gets out of
      your way so that you can use the program as you normally
      would.  Then,    at any time, you can create new    (full-screen)
      windows with other programs in them (including more shells),
      kill existing    windows, view a    list of    windows, turn output
      logging on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows,
      view the scrollback history, switch between windows in
      whatever manner you wish, etc.  When a program terminates,
      _s_c_r_e_e_n (per default) kills the window    that contained it.  If
      this window was in the foreground, the display switches to
      the previous window; if none are left, _s_c_r_e_e_n    exits.

      Everything you type is sent to the program running in    the
      current window.  The only exception to this is the one
      keystroke that is used to initiate a command to the window
      manager.  By default,    each command begins with a control-a
      (abbreviated C-a from    now on), and is    followed by one    other
      keystroke.  The command character and    all the    key bindings
      can be fully customized to be    anything you like, though they
      are always two characters in length.

      The standard way to create a new window is to    type "C-a c".
      This creates a new window running a shell and    switches to
      that window immediately, regardless of the state of the
      process running in the current window.  Similarly, you can
      create a new window with a custom command in it by first
      binding the command to a keystroke (in your .screenrc    file
      or at    the "C-a :" command line) and then using it just like
      the "C-a c" command.    In addition, new windows can be



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      created by running a command like:

           screen emacs prog.c

      from a shell prompt within a previously created window.
      This will not    run another copy of _s_c_r_e_e_n, but    will instead
      supply the command name and its arguments to the window
      manager (specified in    the $STY environment variable) who
      will use it to create    the new    window.     The above example
      would    start the emacs    editor (editing    prog.c)    and switch to
      its window.

      If "/etc/utmp" is writable by    _s_c_r_e_e_n,    an appropriate record
      will be written to this file for each    window,    and removed
      when the window is terminated.  This is useful for working
      with "talk", "script", "shutdown", "rsend", "sccs" and other
      similar programs that    use the    utmp file to determine who you
      are. As long as _s_c_r_e_e_n is active on your terminal, the
      terminal's own record    is removed from    the utmp file. See
      also "C-a L".



     GGGGEEEETTTTTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG SSSSTTTTAAAARRRRTTTTEEEEDDDD
      Before you begin to use _s_c_r_e_e_n you'll    need to    make sure you
      have correctly selected your terminal    type, just as you
      would    for any    other termcap/terminfo program.     (You can do
      this by using    _t_s_e_t for example.)

      If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a
      lot more reading, you    should remember    this one command:
      "C-a ?".  Typing these two characters    will display a list of
      the available    _s_c_r_e_e_n commands    and their bindings. Each
      keystroke is discussed in the    section    "DEFAULT KEY
      BINDINGS". The manual    section    "CUSTOMIZATION"    deals with the
      contents of your .screenrc.

      If your terminal is a    "true" auto-margin terminal (it
      doesn't allow    the last position on the screen    to be updated
      without scrolling the    screen)    consider to use    a version of
      your terminal's termcap that has automatic margins turned
      _o_f_f. This will ensure    an accurate and    optimal    update of the
      screen in all    circumstances. Most terminals nowadays have
      "magic" margins (automatic margins plus usable last column).
      This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for
      _s_c_r_e_e_n.  If all you've got is    a "true" auto-margin terminal
      _s_c_r_e_e_n will be content to use    it, but    updating a character
      put into the last position on    the screen may not be possible
      until    the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a
      safe position    in some    other way. This    delay can be shortened
      by using a terminal with insert-character capability.




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     CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD----LLLLIIIINNNNEEEE OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
      Screen has the following command-line    options:

      ----aaaa   include _a_l_l capabilities    (with some minor exceptions)
           in each window's    termcap, even if _s_c_r_e_e_n    must redraw
           parts of    the display in order to    implement a function.

      ----AAAA   Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the
           current terminal.  By default, _s_c_r_e_e_n tries to restore
           its old window sizes when attaching to resizable
           terminals (those    with "WS" in its description, e.g.
           suncmd or some xterm).

      ----cccc _f_i_l_e
           override    the default configuration file from
           "$HOME/.screenrc" to _f_i_l_e.

      ----dddd|----DDDD    [_p_i_d._t_t_y._h_o_s_t]
           does not    start _s_c_r_e_e_n, but detaches the elsewhere
           running _s_c_r_e_e_n session. It has the same effect as
           typing "C-a d" from _s_c_r_e_e_n'_s controlling    terminal. ----DDDD
           is the equivalent to the    power detach key.  If no
           session can be detached,    this option is ignored.     The
           combination "screen -D -r" can be used to `transport'
           the elsewhere running session to    this terminal and
           logout there.  Note: It is a good idea to have the
           status of your sessions checked by means    of "screen
           -list".

      ----eeee _x_y
           specifies the command character to be _x and the
           character generating a literal command character    to _y
           (when typed after the command character).  The default
           is "C-a"    and `a', which can be specified    as "-e^Aa".
           When creating a _s_c_r_e_e_n session, this option sets    the
           default command character. In a multiuser session all
           users added will    start off with this command character.
           But when    attaching to an    already    running    session, this
           option changes only the command character of the
           attaching user.    This option is equivalent to either
           the commands "defescape"    or "escape" respectively.

      ----ffff, ----ffffnnnn, and ----ffffaaaa
           turns flow-control on, off, or "automatic switching
           mode".  This can    also be    defined    through    the "defflow"
           .screenrc command.

      ----hhhh _n_u_m
           Specifies the history scrollback    buffer to be _n_u_m lines
           high.

      ----iiii   will cause the interrupt    key (usually C-c) to interrupt



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           the display immediately when flow-control is on.     See
           the "defflow" .screenrc command for details.  The use
           of this option is discouraged.

      ----llll and ----llllnnnn
           turns login mode    on or off (for /etc/utmp updating).
           This can    also be    defined    through    the "deflogin"
           .screenrc command.

      ----llllssss and ----lllliiiisssstttt
           does not    start _s_c_r_e_e_n, but prints a list    of
           _p_i_d._t_t_y._h_o_s_t strings identifying    your _s_c_r_e_e_n sessions.
           Sessions    marked `detached' can be resumed with "screen
           -r". Those marked `attached' are    running    and have a
           controlling terminal. Sessions marked as    `dead' should
           be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system
           administrator if    you are    not sure. Remove sessions with
           the ----wwwwiiiippppeeee option.

      ----LLLL   tells _s_c_r_e_e_n your auto-margin terminal has a writable
           last-position on    the screen.  This can also be set in
           your .screenrc by specifying `LP' in a "termcap"
           command.

      ----mmmm   causes _s_c_r_e_e_n to    ignore the $STY    environment variable.
           With "screen -m"    creation of a new session is enforced,
           regardless whether _s_c_r_e_e_n is called from    within another
           _s_c_r_e_e_n session or not.

      ----OOOO   selects a more optimal output mode for your terminal
           rather than true    VT100 emulation    (only affects auto-
           margin terminals    without    `LP').    This can also be set
           in your .screenrc by specifying `OP' in a "termcap"
           command.

      ----rrrr [_p_i_d._t_t_y._h_o_s_t]
           resumes a detached _s_c_r_e_e_n session.  No other options
           (except "-d -r" or "-D -r") may be specified, though an
           optional    prefix of [_p_i_d.]_t_t_y._h_o_s_t may be    needed to
           distinguish between multiple detached _s_c_r_e_e_n sessions.

      ----RRRR   attempts    to resume the first detached _s_c_r_e_e_n session it
           finds.  If successful, all other    command-line options
           are ignored.  If    no detached session exists, starts a
           new session using the specified options,    just as    if ----RRRR
           had not been specified. The option is set by default if
           _s_c_r_e_e_n is run as    a login-shell.

      ----ssss   sets the    default    shell to the program specified,
           instead of the value in the environment variable    $SHELL
           (or "/bin/sh" if    not defined).  This can    also be
           defined through the "shell" .screenrc command.



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      ----SSSS _s_e_s_s_i_o_n_n_a_m_e
           When creating a new session, this option    can be used to
           specify a meaningful name for the session. This name
           identifies the session for "screen -list" and "screen
           -r" actions. It substitutes the default [_t_t_y._h_o_s_t]
           suffix.

      ----tttt _n_a_m_e
           sets the    title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or
           specified program.  See also the    "shelltitle" .screenrc
           command.

      ----vvvv   Print version number.

      ----wwwwiiiippppeeee
           does the    same as    "screen    -ls", but removes destroyed
           sessions    instead    of marking them    as `dead'.

      ----xxxx   Attach to a not detached    _s_c_r_e_e_n session.    (Multi display
           mode).



     DDDDEEEEFFFFAAAAUUUULLLLTTTT KKKKEEEEYYYY BBBBIIIINNNNDDDDIIIINNNNGGGGSSSS
      As mentioned,    each _s_c_r_e_e_n command consists of    a "C-a"
      followed by one other    character.  For    your convenience, all
      commands that    are bound to lower-case    letters    are also bound
      to their control character counterparts (with    the exception
      of "C-a a"; see below), thus,    "C-a c"    as well    as "C-a    C-c"
      can be used to create    a window. See section "CUSTOMIZATION"
      for a    description of the command.

      The following    table shows the    default    key bindings:

      CCCC----aaaa ''''
      CCCC----aaaa """"          (select)        Prompt for a window    name or    number
                    to switch to.

      CCCC----aaaa 0000          (select 0)
       ............         ...
      CCCC----aaaa 9999          (select 9)    Switch to window number 0 -    9.

      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----aaaa     (other)        Toggle to the window displayed
                    previously.     Note that this
                    binding defaults to    the command
                    character typed twice, unless
                    overridden;    for instance, if you
                    use    the option "----eeee]]]]xxxx", this
                    command becomes "]]", not "]C-a".

      CCCC----aaaa aaaa          (meta)        Send the command character (C-a)
                    to window. See _e_s_c_a_p_e command.



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      CCCC----aaaa AAAA          (title)        Allow the user to enter a name for
                    the    current    window.

      CCCC----aaaa bbbb
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----bbbb     (break)        Send a break to window.

      CCCC----aaaa BBBB          (pow_break)   Reopen the terminal    line and send
                    a break.

      CCCC----aaaa cccc
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----cccc     (screen)        Create a new window    with a shell
                    and    switch to that window.

      CCCC----aaaa CCCC          (clear)        Clear the screen.

      CCCC----aaaa dddd
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----dddd     (detach)        Detach _s_c_r_e_e_n from this terminal.

      CCCC----aaaa DDDD    DDDD     (pow_detach)  Detach and logout.

      CCCC----aaaa ffff
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----ffff     (flow)        Toggle flow    _o_n, _o_f_f    or _a_u_t_o.

      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----gggg     (vbell)        Toggles _s_c_r_e_e_n'_s visual bell mode.

      CCCC----aaaa hhhh          (hardcopy)    Write a hardcopy of    the current
                    window to the file "hardcopy._n".

      CCCC----aaaa HHHH          (log)        Begins/ends    logging    of the current
                    window to the file "screenlog._n".

      CCCC----aaaa iiii
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----iiii     (info)        Show info about this window.

      CCCC----aaaa kkkk
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----kkkk     (kill)        Destroy current window.

      CCCC----aaaa llll
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----llll     (redisplay)   Fully refresh current window.

      CCCC----aaaa LLLL          (login)        Toggle this    windows    login slot.
                    Available only if _s_c_r_e_e_n is
                    configured to update the utmp
                    database.

      CCCC----aaaa mmmm
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----mmmm     (lastmsg)        Repeat the last message displayed
                    in the message line.

      CCCC----aaaa MMMM          (monitor)        Toggles monitoring of the current
                    window.




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      CCCC----aaaa ssssppppaaaacccceeee
      CCCC----aaaa nnnn
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----nnnn     (next)        Switch to the next window.

      CCCC----aaaa NNNN          (number)        Show the number (and title)    of the
                    current window.

      CCCC----aaaa bbbbaaaacccckkkkssssppppaaaacccceeee
      CCCC----aaaa hhhh
      CCCC----aaaa pppp
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----pppp     (prev)        Switch to the previous window
                    (opposite of CCCC----aaaa nnnn).

      CCCC----aaaa qqqq
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----qqqq     (xon)        Send a control-q to    the current
                    window.

      CCCC----aaaa rrrr
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----rrrr     (wrap)        Toggle the current window's    line-
                    wrap setting (turn the current
                    window's automatic margins on and
                    off).

      CCCC----aaaa ssss
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----ssss     (xoff)        Send a control-s to    the current
                    window.

      CCCC----aaaa tttt
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----tttt     (time)        Show system    information.

      CCCC----aaaa vvvv          (version)        Display the    version    and
                    compilation    date.

      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----vvvv     (digraph)        Enter digraph.

      CCCC----aaaa wwww
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----wwww     (windows)        Show a list    of window.

      CCCC----aaaa WWWW          (width)        Toggle 80/132 columns.

      CCCC----aaaa xxxx
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----xxxx     (lockscreen)  Lock this terminal.

      CCCC----aaaa zzzz
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----zzzz     (suspend)        Suspend _s_c_r_e_e_n.  Your system must
                    support BSD-style job-control.

      CCCC----aaaa ZZZZ          (reset)        Reset the virtual terminal to its
                    "power-on" values.

      CCCC----aaaa ....          (dumptermcap) Write out a    ".termcap" file.




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      CCCC----aaaa ????          (help)        Show key bindings.

      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----\\\\     (quit)        Kill all windows and terminate
                    _s_c_r_e_e_n.

      CCCC----aaaa ::::          (colon)        Enter command line mode.

      CCCC----aaaa [[[[
      CCCC----aaaa CCCC----[[[[
      CCCC----aaaa eeeesssscccc     (copy)        Enter copy/scrollback mode.

      CCCC----aaaa ]]]]          (paste .)        Write the contents of the paste
                    buffer to the stdin    queue of the
                    current window.

      CCCC----aaaa {{{{
      CCCC----aaaa }}}}          (history)        Copy and paste a previous
                    (command) line.

      CCCC----aaaa >>>>          (writebuf)    Write paste    buffer to a file.

      CCCC----aaaa <<<<          (readbuf)        Reads the screen-exchange file
                    into the paste buffer.

      CCCC----aaaa ====          (removebuf)   Removes the    file used by CCCC----aaaa <<<< and
                    CCCC----aaaa    >>>>.

      CCCC----aaaa ,,,,          (license)        Shows where    _s_c_r_e_e_n comes from,
                    where it went to and why you can
                    use    it.

      CCCC----aaaa ____          (silence)        Start/stop monitoring the current
                    window for inactivity.



     CCCCUUUUSSSSTTTTOOOOMMMMIIIIZZZZAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
      The "socket directory" defaults either to $HOME/.screen or
      simply to /tmp/screens or preferably to /usr/local/screens
      chosen at compile-time. If _s_c_r_e_e_n is installed setuid-root,
      then the administrator should    compile    _s_c_r_e_e_n with an
      adequate (not    NFS mounted) socket directory. If _s_c_r_e_e_n is
      not running setuid-root, the user can    specify    any mode 777
      directory in the environment variable    $SCREENDIR.

      When _s_c_r_e_e_n is invoked, it executes initialization commands
      from the files "/usr/local/etc/screenrc" and ".screenrc" in
      the user's home directory. These are the "programmer's
      defaults" that can be    overridden in the following ways: for
      the global screenrc file _s_c_r_e_e_n searches for the environment
      variable $SYSSCREENRC    (this override feature may be disabled
      at compile-time). The    user specific screenrc file is



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      searched in $ISCREENRC, then $SCREENRC, then
      $HOME/.iscreenrc and finally defaults    to $HOME/.screenrc.
      The command line option ----cccc takes precedence over the above
      user screenrc    files.

      Commands in these files are used to set options, bind
      functions to keys, and to automatically establish one    or
      more windows at the beginning    of your    _s_c_r_e_e_n session.
      Commands are listed one per line, with empty lines being
      ignored.  A command's    arguments are separated    by tabs    or
      spaces, and may be surrounded    by single or double quotes.  A
      `#' turns the    rest of    the line into a    comment, except    in
      quotes.  Unintelligible lines    are warned about and ignored.
      Commands may contain references to environment variables.
      The syntax is    the shell-like "$VAR " or "${VAR}". Note that
      this causes incompatibility with previous _s_c_r_e_e_n versions,
      as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\'    if no
      variable substitution    shall be performed. A string in
      single-quotes    is also    protected from variable    substitution.

      Customization    can also be done 'on-line'. To enter the
      command mode type `C-a :'. Note that commands    starting with
      "def"    change default values, while others change current
      settings.

      The following    commands are available:

      aaaaccccllllaaaadddddddd _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e_s

      Enable users to fully    access this screen session. _U_s_e_r_n_a_m_e_s
      can be one user or a comma seperated list of users. This
      command enables to attach to the _s_c_r_e_e_n session and performs
      the equivalent of `aclchg _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e_s +rwx "#?"'.  executed.
      To add a user    with restricted    access,    use the    `aclchg'
      command below.  Multi    user mode only.

      aaaaccccllllcccchhhhgggg _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e_s _p_e_r_m_b_i_t_s _l_i_s_t

      Change permissions for a comma seperated list    of users.
      Permission bits are represented as `r', `w' and `x'.
      Prefixing `+'    grants the permission, `-' removes it. The
      third    parameter is a comma seperated list of commands    and/or
      windows (specified either by number or title). The special
      list `#' refers to all windows, `?' to all commands. if
      _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e_s consists of    a single `*', all known    users are
      affected.  A command can be executed when the    user has the
      `x' bit for it.  The user can    type input to a    window when he
      has its `w' bit set and no other user    obtains    a writelock
      for this window.  Other bits are currently ignored.  To
      withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2:
      `aclchg _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e -w+w    2'.  To    allow readonly access to the
      session: `aclchg _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e -w "#"'. As    soon as    a user's name



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      is known to _s_c_r_e_e_n he    can attach to the session and (per
      default) has full permissions    for all    command    and windows.
      Execution permission for the acl commands, `at' and others
      should also be removed or the    user may be able to regain
      write    permission.  Multi user    mode only.

      aaaaccccllllddddeeeellll _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e

      Remove a user    from _s_c_r_e_e_n's access control list. If
      currently attached, all the user's displays are detached
      from the session. He cannot attach again.  Multi user    mode
      only.

      aaaaccccttttiiiivvvviiiittttyyyy _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

      When any activity occurs in a    background window that is
      being    monitored, _s_c_r_e_e_n displays a notification in the
      message line.     The notification message can be re-defined by
      means    of the "activity" command.  Each occurrence of `%' in
      _m_e_s_s_a_g_e is replaced by the number of the window in which
      activity has occurred, and each occurrence of    `~' is
      replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually
      an audible bell).  The default message is

              'Activity    in window %'

      Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but
      can be altered by use    of the "monitor" command (C-a M).

      aaaallllllllppppaaaarrrrttttiiiiaaaallll oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      If set to on,    only the current cursor    line is    refreshed on
      window change.  This affects all windows and is useful for
      slow terminal    lines. The previous setting of full/partial
      refresh for each window is restored with "allpartial off".
      This is a global flag    that immediately takes effect on all
      windows overriding the "partial" settings. It    does not
      change the default redraw behaviour of newly created
      windows.

      aaaatttt [_i_d_e_n_t_i_f_i_e_r][####|****|%%%%] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_s ... ]

      Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had
      been entered there.  "At" changes the    context    (the `current
      window' or `current display' setting)    of the command.    If the
      first    parameter describes a non-unique context, the command
      will be executed multiple times. If the first    parameter is
      of the form `_i_d_e_n_t_i_f_i_e_r*' then identifier is matched against
      user names.  The command is executed once for    each display
      of the selected user(s). If the first    parameter is of    the
      form `_i_d_e_n_t_i_f_i_e_r%' identifier    is matched against displays.
      Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The prefix



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      `/dev/' or `/dev/tty'    may be omitted from the    identifier.
      If _i_d_e_n_t_i_f_i_e_r    has a `#' or nothing appended it is matched
      against window numbers and titles. Omitting an identifier in
      front    of the `#', `*'    or `%'-character selects all users,
      displays or windows because a    prefix-match is    performed.
      Note that on the affected display(s) a short message will
      describe what    happened. Caution: Permission is checked for
      the owners or    the affected display(s), not for the initiator
      of the `at' command.

      aaaauuuuttttooooddddeeeettttaaaacccchhhh oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Sets whether _s_c_r_e_e_n will automatically detach    upon hangup,
      which    saves all your running programs    until they are resumed
      with a ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn    ----rrrr command.  When turned off, a    hangup signal
      will terminate _s_c_r_e_e_n    and all    the processes it contains.
      Autodetach is    on by default.

      aaaauuuuttttoooonnnnuuuukkkkeeee oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the
      output that has not been written to the terminal. See    also
      "obuflimit".

      bbbbeeeellllllll _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

      When a bell character    is sent    to a background    window,    _s_c_r_e_e_n
      displays a notification in the message line.    The
      notification message can be re-defined by means of the
      "bell" command.  Each    occurrence of `%' in _m_e_s_s_a_g_e is
      replaced by the number of the    window to which    a bell has
      been sent, and each occurrence of `~'    is replaced by the
      definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible
      bell).  The default message is

              'Bell in window %'

      An empty message can be supplied to the "bell" command to
      suppress output of a message line (bell "").

      bbbbiiiinnnndddd _k_e_y [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_s]]

      Bind a command to a key.  By default,    most of    the commands
      provided by _s_c_r_e_e_n are bound to one or more keys as
      indicated in the "DEFAULT KEY    BINDINGS" section, e.g.    the
      command to create a new window is bound to "C-c" and "c".
      The "bind" command can be used to redefine the key bindings
      and to define    new bindings.  The _k_e_y argument    is either a
      single character, a two-character sequence of    the form "^x"
      (meaning "C-x"), a backslash followed    by an octal number
      (specifying the ASCII    code of    the character),    or a backslash
      followed by a    second character, such as "\^" or "\\".     The



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      argument can also be quoted, if you like.  If    no further
      argument is given, any previously established    binding    for
      this key is removed.    The _c_o_m_m_a_n_d argument can be any
      command listed in this section.

      Some examples:

              bind ' ' windows
              bind ^f screen telnet foobar
              bind \033    screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

      would    bind the space key to the command that displays    a list
      of windows (so that the command usually invoked by "C-a C-w"
      would    also be    available as "C-a space"), bind    "C-f" to the
      command "create a window with    a TELNET connection to
      foobar", and bind "escape" to    the command that creates an
      non-login window with    a.k.a. "root" in slot #9, with a
      super-user shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.

      bbbbiiiinnnnddddkkkkeeeeyyyy [----dddd] [----mmmm] [----aaaa] [[----kkkk|----tttt] _s_t_r_i_n_g [_c_m_d _a_r_g_s]]

      This command manages screen's    input translation tables.
      Every    entry in one of    the tables tells screen    how to react
      if a certain sequence    of characters is encountered. There
      are three tables:  one that should contain actions
      programmed by    the user, one for the default actions used for
      terminal emulation and one for screen's copy mode to do
      cursor movement. See section "INPUT TRANSLATION" for a list
      of default key bindings.
      If the ----dddd option is given, bindkey modifies the default
      table, ----mmmm changes the    copy mode table    and with neither
      option the user table    is selected.  The argument _s_t_r_i_n_g is
      the sequence of characters to    which an action    is bound. This
      can either be    a fixed    string or a termcap keyboard
      capability name (selectable with the ----kkkk option).
      Some keys on a VT100 terminal    can send a different string if
      application mode is turned on    (e.g the cursor    keys).    Such
      keys have two    entries    in the translation table. You can
      select the application mode entry by specifying the ----aaaa
      option.
      The ----tttt option    tells screen not to do intercharacter timing.
      One cannot turn off the timing if a termcap capabilty    is
      used.
      _C_m_d can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary    number
      of _a_r_g_s.  If _c_m_d is omitted the keybinding is    removed    from
      the table.
      Here are some    examples of keyboard bindings:

          bindkey -d
      Show all of the default key bindings.    The application    mode
      entries are marked with [A].




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          bindkey -k k1    select 1
      Make the "F1"    key switch to window one.

          bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
      Make "foo" an    abrevation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is
      disabled so that users can type slowly.

          bindkey "\024" mapdefault
      This keybinding makes    "^T" an    escape character for
      keybindings. If you did the above "stuff barfoo" binding,
      you can enter    the word "foo" by typing "^Tfoo". If you want
      to insert a "^T" you have to press the key twice (i.e.
      escape the escape binding).

          bindkey -k F1    command
      Make the F11 (not F1!) key an    alternative screen escape
      (besides ^A).

      bbbbrrrreeeeaaaakkkk    [_d_u_r_a_t_i_o_n]

      Send a break signal for _d_u_r_a_t_i_o_n*0.25    seconds    to this
      window.  Most    useful if a character device is    attached to
      the window rather than a shell process.

      bbbbuuuuffffffffeeeerrrrffffiiiilllleeee [_e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e-_f_i_l_e]

      Change the filename used for reading and writing with    the
      paste    buffer.     If the    optional argument to the "bufferfile"
      command is omitted, the default setting ("/tmp/screen-
      exchange") is    reactivated.  The following example will paste
      the system's password    file into the _s_c_r_e_e_n window (using the
      paste    buffer,    where a    copy remains):

              C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
              C-a < C-a    ]
              C-a : bufferfile

      cccc1111 [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Change c1 code processing. "C1 on" tells screen to treat the
      input    characters between 128 and 159 as control functions.
      Such an 8-bit    code is    normally the same as ESC followed by
      the corresponding 7-bit code.    The default setting is to
      process c1 codes and can be changed with the "defc1"
      command. Users with fonts that have usable characters    in the
      c1 positions may want    to turn    this off.

      cccchhhhaaaarrrrsssseeeetttt _s_e_t

      Change the current character set slot    designation and
      charset mapping.  The    first four character of    _s_e_t are
      treated as charset designators while the fifth and sixth



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      character must be in range '0' to '3'    and set    the GL/GR
      charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to
      indicate that    the corresponding charset/mapping should not
      be changed (_s_e_t is padded to six characters internally by
      appending '.'     chars). New windows have "BBBB02" as default
      charset, unless a "kanji" command is active.
      The current setting can be viewed with the "info" command.

      cccchhhhddddiiiirrrr    [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y]

      Change the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y of _s_c_r_e_e_n to the    specified
      directory or,    if called without an argument, to your home
      directory (the value of the environment variable $HOME).
      All windows that are created by means    of the "screen"
      command from within ".screenrc" or by    means of "C-a :    screen
      ..." or "C-a c" use this as their default directory.
      Without a chdir command, this    would be the directory from
      which    _s_c_r_e_e_n was invoked.  Hardcopy and log files are    always
      written to the _w_i_n_d_o_w'_s default directory, _n_o_t the current
      directory of the process running in the window.  You can use
      this command multiple    times in your .screenrc    to start
      various windows in different default directories, but    the
      last chdir value will    affect all the windows you create
      interactively.

      cccclllleeeeaaaarrrr

      Clears the current window and    saves its image    to the
      scrollback buffer.

      ccccoooolllloooonnnn    [_p_r_e_f_i_x]

      Allows you to    enter ".screenrc" command lines. Useful    for
      on-the-fly modification of key bindings, specific window
      creation and changing    settings. Note that the    "set" keyword
      no longer exists! Usually commands affect the    current    window
      rather than default settings for future windows. Change
      defaults with    commands starting with 'def...'.

      If you consider this as the `Ex command mode'    of _s_c_r_e_e_n, you
      may regard "C-a esc" (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode'.

      ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd

      This command has the same effect as typing the screen    escape
      character (^A). It is    probably only useful for key bindings.
      See also "bindkey".

      ccccoooonnnnssssoooolllleeee [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Grabs    or ungrabs the machines    console    output to a window.




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      ccccooooppppyyyy

      Enter    copy/scrollback    mode. This allows you to copy text
      from the current window and its history into the paste
      buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen editor' is
      active:
      _M_o_v_e_m_e_n_t _k_e_y_s:
        hhhh, jjjj, kkkk, llll move the    cursor line by line or column by
          column.
        0000, ^^^^ and $$$$ move to the leftmost column, to the first or
          last non-whitespace character on the line.
        HHHH, MMMM and LLLL move the    cursor to the leftmost column of the
          top, center or bottom line of the    window.
        ++++ and ---- positions one line up and down.
        GGGG moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of
          buffer).
        |||| moves to the specified absolute column.
        wwww, bbbb, eeee move the cursor word by word.
        CCCC----uuuu    and CCCC----dddd    scroll the display up/down by the specified
          amount of    lines while preserving the cursor position.
          (Default:    half screen-full).
        CCCC----bbbb    and CCCC----ffff    scroll the display up/down a full screen.
        gggg moves to the beginning of    the buffer.
        %%%% jumps to the specified percentage    of the buffer.

      _N_o_t_e:
          Emacs style movement keys    can be customized by a
          .screenrc    command.  (E.g.    markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E")
          There is no simple method    for a full emacs-style keymap,
          as this involves multi-character codes.

      _M_a_r_k_i_n_g:
          The copy range is    specified by setting two marks.    The
          text between these marks will be highlighted. Press
        ssssppppaaaacccceeee to set the first or second mark respectively.
        YYYY and yyyy used to mark one whole line    or to mark from    start
          of line.
        WWWW marks exactly one    word.
      _R_e_p_e_a_t _c_o_u_n_t:
          Any of these commands can    be prefixed with a repeat
          count number by pressing digits
        0000..9999 which is taken    as a repeat count.
          Example: "C-a C-[    H 10 j 5 Y" will copy lines 11 to 15
          into the paste buffer.
      _S_e_a_r_c_h_i_n_g:
        //// _V_i-like search forward.
        ???? _V_i-like search backward.
        CCCC----aaaa    ssss _E_m_a_c_s    style incremental search forward.
        CCCC----rrrr    _E_m_a_c_s style reverse i-search.
      _S_p_e_c_i_a_l_s:
          There are    however    some keys that act differently than in
          _v_i.  _V_i does not allow one to yank rectangular blocks of



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          text, but    _s_c_r_e_e_n does. Press
        cccc or CCCC to set the left or right margin respectively. If no
          repeat count is given, both default to the current
          cursor position.
          Example: Try this    on a rather full text screen:  "C-a [
          M    20 l SPACE c 10    l 5 j C    SPACE".

          This moves one to    the middle line    of the screen, moves
          in 20 columns left, marks    the beginning of the paste
          buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 columns down, sets
          the right    column,    and then marks the end of the paste
          buffer. Now try:
          "C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE"

          and notice the difference    in the amount of text copied.
        JJJJ joins lines. It toggles between 3    modes: lines separated
          by a newline character (012), lines glued    seamless,
          lines separated by a single whitespace. Note that    you
          can prepend the newline character    with a carriage    return
          character, by issuing a "crlf on".
        vvvv is for all the _v_i    users with ":set numbers" - it toggles
          the left margin between column 9 and 1. Press
        aaaa before the final space key to toggle in append mode.
          Thus the contents    of the paste buffer will not be
          overwritten, but is appended to.
        AAAA toggles in append    mode and sets a    (second) mark.
        >>>> sets the (second)    mark and writes    the contents of    the
          paste buffer to the screen-exchange file (/tmp/screen-
          exchange per default) once copy-mode is finished.
          This example demonstrates    how to dump the    whole
          scrollback buffer    to that    file: "C-A [ g SPACE G $ >".
        CCCC----gggg    gives information about    the current line and column.
        xxxx exchanges    the first mark and the current cursor
          position.    You can    use this to adjust an already placed
          mark.
        @@@@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
        All    keys not described here    exit copy mode.

      ccccooooppppyyyy____rrrreeeegggg [_k_e_y]

      No longer exists, use    "readreg" instead.

      ccccrrrrllllffff oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      This affects the copying of text regions with    the `C-a ['
      command. If it is set    to `on', lines will be separated by
      the two character sequence `CR' - `LF'.  Otherwise (default)
      only `LF' is used.

      ddddeeeebbbbuuuugggg    oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Turns    runtime    debugging on or    off. If    _s_c_r_e_e_n has been



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      compiled with    option -DDEBUG debugging available and is
      turned on per    default. Note that this    command    only affects
      debugging output from    the main "SCREEN" process.

      ddddeeeeffffcccc1111    oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Same as the cccc1111 command except    that the default setting for
      new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on'.

      ddddeeeeffffaaaauuuuttttoooonnnnuuuukkkkeeee oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Same as the aaaauuuuttttoooonnnnuuuukkkkeeee command except that the default setting
      for new displays is changed. Initial setting is `off'.  Note
      that you can use the special `AN' terminal capability    if you
      want to have a dependency on the terminal type.

      ddddeeeeffffcccchhhhaaaarrrrsssseeeetttt [_s_e_t]

      Like the cccchhhhaaaarrrrsssseeeetttt command except that the default setting for
      new windows is changed. Shows    current    default    if called
      without argument.

      ddddeeeeffffeeeessssccccaaaappppeeee _x_y

      Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to
      the "escape" except that it is useful    multiuser sessions
      only.    In a multiuser session "escape"    changes    the command
      character of the calling user, where "defescape" changes the
      default command characters for users that will be added
      later.

      ddddeeeefffffffflllloooowwww oooonnnn|ooooffffffff|aaaauuuuttttoooo [iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrrrrruuuupppptttt]

      Same as the fffflllloooowwww command except that the default setting for
      new windows is changed. Initial setting is `auto'.
      Specifying "defflow auto interrupt" is the same as the
      command-line options ----ffffaaaa and ----iiii.

      ddddeeeeffffggggrrrr    oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Same as the ggggrrrr command except    that the default setting for
      new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

      ddddeeeeffffhhhhssssttttaaaattttuuuussss [_s_t_a_t_u_s]

      The hardstatus line that all new windows will    get is set to
      _s_t_a_t_u_s. This command is useful to make the hardstatus    of
      every    window display the window number or title or the like.
      _S_t_a_t_u_s may contain the same directives as in the window
      messages, but    the directive escape character is '^E' (octal
      005) instead of '%'.    This was done to make a
      misinterpretion of program generated hardstatus lines



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      impossible.  If the parameter    _s_t_a_t_u_s is omitted, the current
      default string is displayed.    Per default the    hardstatus
      line of new windows is empty.

      ddddeeeeffffkkkkaaaannnnjjjjiiii jjjjiiiissss|ssssjjjjiiiissss|eeeeuuuucccc

      Same as the kkkkaaaannnnjjjjiiii command except that    the default setting
      for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off',    i.e.
      `jis'.

      ddddeeeeffffllllooooggggiiiinnnn oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Same as the llllooooggggiiiinnnn command except that    the default setting
      for new windows is changed. This is initialized with `on' as
      distributed (see config.h.in).

      ddddeeeeffffmmmmooooddddeeee _m_o_d_e

      The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to    _m_o_d_e.
      _M_o_d_e is an octal number.  When no "defmode" command is
      given, mode 0622 is used.

      ddddeeeeffffmmmmoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrr oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Same as the mmmmoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrr command except that the default setting
      for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

      ddddeeeeffffoooobbbbuuuufffflllliiiimmmmiiiitttt _l_i_m_i_t

      Same as the oooobbbbuuuufffflllliiiimmmmiiiitttt    command    except that the    default
      setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is 256
      bytes.  Note that you    can use    the special 'OL' terminal
      capability if    you want to have a dependency on the terminal
      type.

      ddddeeeeffffssssccccrrrroooollllllllbbbbaaaacccckkkk    _n_u_m

      Same as the ssssccccrrrroooollllllllbbbbaaaacccckkkk command except    that the default
      setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 100.

      ddddeeeeffffwwwwrrrraaaapppp oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Same as the wwwwrrrraaaapppp command except that the default setting for
      new windows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and    can be
      toggled with the "wrap" command ("C-a    r") or by means    of
      "C-a : wrap on|off".

      ddddeeeeffffwwwwrrrriiiitttteeeelllloooocccckkkk oooonnnn|ooooffffffff|aaaauuuuttttoooo

      Same as the wwwwrrrriiiitttteeeelllloooocccckkkk    command    except that the    default
      setting for new windows is changed. Initially    writelocks
      will operate in automatic mode.



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      ddddeeeeffffzzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee [_k_e_y_s]

      Synonym to the zzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee    command. Both currently    change the
      default.  See    there.

      ddddeeeettttaaaacccchhhh

      Detach the _s_c_r_e_e_n session (disconnect    it from    the terminal
      and put it into the background).  This returns you to    the
      shell    where you invoked _s_c_r_e_e_n.  A detached _s_c_r_e_e_n can be
      resumed by invoking _s_c_r_e_e_n with the ----rrrr option. (See also
      section "COMMAND-LINE    OPTIONS".)

      ddddiiiiggggrrrraaaapppphhhh [_p_r_e_s_e_t]

      This command prompts the user    for a digraph sequence.    The
      next two characters typed are    looked up in a builtin table
      and the resulting character is inserted in the input stream.
      For example, if the user enters 'a"',    an a-umlaut will be
      inserted. If the first character entered is a    0 (zero),
      _s_c_r_e_e_n will treat the    following charcters (up    to three) as
      an octal number instead.  The    optional argument _p_r_e_s_e_t is
      treated as user input, thus one can create an    "umlaut" key.
      For example the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables the
      user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K    a.

      dddduuuummmmpppptttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp

      Write    the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized
      for the currently active window to the file ".termcap" in
      the user's "$HOME/.screen" directory (or wherever _s_c_r_e_e_n
      stores its sockets. See the "FILES" section below).  This
      termcap entry    is identical to    the value of the environment
      variable $TERMCAP that is set    up by _s_c_r_e_e_n for each window.
      For terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter
      like _c_a_p_t_o_i_n_f_o and then compile the entry with _t_i_c.

      eeeecccchhhhoooo [----nnnn] _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

      The echo command may be used to annoy    _s_c_r_e_e_n users with a
      'message of the day'.    Typically installed in a global
      /local/etc/screenrc. See also    "sleep".  Echo is also useful
      for online checking of environment variables.

      eeeessssccccaaaappppeeee _x_y

      Set the command character to _x and the character generating
      a literal command character to _y (just like in the -e
      option).  Each argument is either a single character,    a
      two-character    sequence of the    form "^x" (meaning "C-x"), a
      backslash followed by    an octal number    (specifying the    ASCII
      code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second



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      character, such as "\^" or "\\".  The    default    is "^Aa".

      eeeexxxxeeeecccc [[_f_d_p_a_t]    _n_e_w_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_s ...]]

      Run a    subprocess (newcommand)    in the current window. The
      flow of data between newcommand's stdin/stdout/stderr, the
      process already running (shell) and screen itself (window)
      is controlled    by the filedescriptor pattern fdpat.  This
      pattern is basically a three character sequence representing
      stdin, stdout    and stderr of newcommand. A dot    (.) connects
      the file descriptor to _s_c_r_e_e_n.  An exclamation mark (!)
      causes the file descriptor to    be connected to    the already
      running process. A colon (:) combines    both.  User input will
      go to    newcommand unless newcommand requests the old process'
      output (fdpats first character is `!'    or `:')    or a pipe (|)
      is added to the end of fdpat.
      Invoking `exec' without arguments shows name and arguments
      of the currently running subprocess in this window.
      When a subprocess is running the `kill' command will affect
      it instead of    the windows process.
      Refer    to the postscript file `fdpat.ips' for a confusing
      illustration of all 21 possible combinations.    Each drawing
      shows    the digits 2,1,0 representing the three    file
      descriptors of newcommand. The box marked `W'    is usual pty
      that has the application-process on its slave    side.  The box
      marked `P' is    the secondary pty that now has _s_c_r_e_e_n at its
      master side.

      Abbreviations:
      Whitespace between the word `exec' and fdpat and the command
      can be omitted. Trailing dots    and a fdpat consisting only of
      dots can be omitted. A simple    `|' is synonymous for the
      pattern `!..|'; the word exec    can be omitted here and    can
      always be replaced by    `!'.

      Examples:

           exec ...    /bin/sh
           exec /bin/sh
           !/bin/sh

      Creates another shell    in the same window, while the original
      shell    is still running. Output of both shells    is displayed
      and user input is sent to the    new /bin/sh.

           exec !..    stty 19200
           exec ! stty 19200
           !!stty 19200

      Set the speed    of the window's    tty. If    your stty command
      operates on stdout, then add another `!'.




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           exec !..| less
           |less

      This adds a pager to the window output. The special
      character `|'    is needed to give the user control over    the
      pager    although it gets its input from    the window's process.
      This works, because _l_e_s_s listens on stderr (a    behavior that
      _s_c_r_e_e_n would not expect without the `|') when    its stdin is
      not a    tty. _L_e_s_s versions newer than 177 fail miserably here;
      good old _p_g still works.

           !:sed -n    s/.*Error.*/\007/p

      Sends    window output to both, the user    and the    sed command.
      The sed inserts an additional    bell character (oct. 007) to
      the window output seen by _s_c_r_e_e_n.  This will cause "Bell in
      window x" messages, whenever the string "Error" appears in
      the window.

      fffflllloooowwww [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff|aaaauuuuttttoooo]

      Sets the flow-control    mode for this window.  Without
      parameters it    cycles the current window's flow-control
      setting from "automatic" to "on" to "off".  See the
      discussion on    "FLOW-CONTROL" later on    in this    document for
      full details and note, that this is subject to change    in
      future releases.  Default is set by `defflow'.

      ggggrrrr [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screens sees an
      input    char with an 8th bit set, it will use the charset
      stored in the    GR slot    and print the character    with the 8th
      bit stripped.    The default (see also "defgr") is not to
      process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset
      would    not work.

      hhhhaaaarrrrddddccccooooppppyyyy

      Writes out the currently displayed image to a    file
      _h_a_r_d_c_o_p_y._n in    the window's default directory,    where _n    is the
      number of the    current    window.     This either appends or
      overwrites the file if it exists. See    below.

      hhhhaaaarrrrddddccccooooppppyyyy____aaaappppppppeeeennnndddd oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      If set to "on", _s_c_r_e_e_n will append to    the "hardcopy.n" files
      created by the command "C-a h", otherwise these files    are
      overwritten each time.  Default is `off'.






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      hhhhaaaarrrrddddccccooooppppyyyyddddiiiirrrr _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

      Defines a directory where hardcopy files will    be placed. If
      unset, hardcopys are dumped in _s_c_r_e_e_n's current working
      directory.

      hhhhaaaarrrrddddssssttttaaaattttuuuussss [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Toggles the use of the terminal's hardware status line. If
      "on",    _s_c_r_e_e_n will use    this facility to display one line
      messages. Otherwise these messages are overlayed in reverse
      video    mode at    the display line. Note that the    hardstatus
      feature can only be used if the termcap/terminfo
      capabilities "hs", "ts", "fs"    and "ds" are set properly.
      Default is `on' whenever the "hs" capability is present.

      hhhheeeeiiiigggghhhhtttt [_l_i_n_e_s]

      Set the display height to a specified    number of lines. When
      no argument is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines
      display.

      hhhheeeellllpppp

      Not really a online help, but    displays a help    screen showing
      you all the key bindings.  The first pages list all the
      internal commands followed by    their current bindings.
      Subsequent pages will    display    the custom commands, one
      command per key.  Press space    when you're done reading each
      page,    or return to exit early.  All other characters are
      ignored.  See    also "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section.

      hhhhiiiissssttttoooorrrryyyy

      Usually users    work with a shell that allows easy access to
      previous commands.  For example csh has the command "!!" to
      repeat the last command executed.  _S_c_r_e_e_n allows you to have
      a primitive way of re-calling    "the command that started
      ...":    You just type the first    letter of that command,    then
      hit `C-a {' and _s_c_r_e_e_n tries to find a previous line that
      matches with the `prompt character' to the left of the
      cursor. This line is pasted into this    window's input queue.
      Thus you have    a crude    command    history    (made up by the
      visible window and its scrollback buffer).

      iiiinnnnffffoooo

      Uses the message line    to display some    information about the
      current window:  the cursor position in the form
      "(column,row)" starting with "(1,1)",    the terminal width and
      height plus the size of the scrollback buffer    in lines, like
      in "(80,24)+50", various flag    settings (flow-control,    insert



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      mode,    origin mode, wrap mode,    application-keypad mode,
      output logging, activity monitoring and redraw (`+'
      indicates enabled, `-' not)),    the currently active character
      set (_G_0, _G_1, _G_2, or _G_3), and in square brackets the terminal
      character sets that are currently designated as _G_0 through
      _G_3.  For system information use the "time" command.

      iiiinnnnssss____rrrreeeegggg [_k_e_y]

      No longer exists, use    "paste"    instead.

      kkkkaaaannnnjjjjiiii    jjjjiiiissss|eeeeuuuucccc|ssssjjjjiiiissss [jjjjiiiissss|eeeeuuuucccc|ssssjjjjiiiissss]

      Tell screen how to process kanji input/output. The first
      argument sets    the kanji type of the current window. Each
      window can emulate a different type. The optional second
      parameter tells screen how to    write the kanji    codes to the
      connected terminal. The preferred method of setting the
      display type is to use the "KJ" termcap entry.  See also
      "defkanji", which changes the    default    setting    of a new
      window.

      kkkkiiiillllllll

      Kill current window.
      If there is an `exec'    command    running    then it    is killed.
      Otherwise the    process    (shell)    running    in the window receives
      a HANGUP condition, the window structure is removed and
      _s_c_r_e_e_n switches to the previously displayed window.  When
      the last window is destroyed,    _s_c_r_e_e_n exits.  Note:  _E_m_a_c_s
      users    should keep this command in mind, when killing a line.
      It is    recommended not    to use "C-a" as    the _s_c_r_e_e_n escape key
      or to    rebind kill to "C-a K".

      llllaaaassssttttmmmmssssgggg

      Redisplay the    last contents of the message/status line.
      Useful if you're typing when a message appears, because  the
      message goes away when you press a key (unless your terminal
      has a    hardware status    line).    Refer to the commands
      "msgwait" and    "msgminwait" for fine tuning.

      lllliiiicccceeeennnnsssseeee

      Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever _s_c_r_e_e_n is
      started without options, which should    be often enough. See
      also the "startup_message" command.

      lllloooocccckkkkssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn

      Lock this display.  Call a screenlock    program
      (/local/bin/lck or /usr/bin/lock or a    builtin    if no other is



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      available). Screen does not accept any command keys until
      this program terminates. Meanwhile processes in the windows
      may continue,    as the windows are in the `detached' state.
      The screenlock program may be    changed    through    the
      environment variable $LOCKPRG    (which must be set in the
      shell    from which _s_c_r_e_e_n is started) and is executed with the
      user's uid and gid.

      lllloooogggg [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file
      "screenlog._n"    in the window's    default    directory, where _n is
      the number of    the current window. This filename can be
      changed with the `logfile' command. If no parameter is
      given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is
      appended to the previous contents of the file    if it already
      exists. The current contents and the contents    of the
      scrollback history are not included in the session log.
      Default is `off'.

      llllooooggggffffiiiilllleeee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e

      Defines the name the logfiles    will get. The default is
      "screenlog.%n".

      llllooooggggiiiinnnn    [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Adds or removes the entry in the utmp    database file for the
      current window.  This    controls if the    window is `logged in'.
      When no parameter is given, the login    state of the window is
      toggled.  Additionally to that toggle, it is convenient
      having a `log    in' and    a `log out' key. E.g. `bind I login
      on' and `bind    O login    off' will map these keys to be C-a I
      and C-a O.  The default setting (in config.h.in) should be
      "on" for a _s_c_r_e_e_n that runs under suid-root.    Use the
      "deflogin" command to    change the default login state for new
      windows. Both    commands are only present when _s_c_r_e_e_n has been
      compiled with    utmp support.

      mmmmaaaappppddddeeeeffffaaaauuuulllltttt

      Tell screen that the next input character should only    be
      looked up in the default bindkey table. See also "bindkey".

      mmmmaaaappppnnnnoooottttnnnneeeexxxxtttt

      Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey
      table.

      mmmmaaaappppttttiiiimmmmeeeeoooouuuutttt [_t_i_m_o]

      Set the intercharacter timer for input sequence detection to



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      a timeout of _t_i_m_o ms.    The default timeout is 300ms.
      Maptimeout with no arguments shows the current setting.  See
      also "bindkey".

      mmmmaaaarrrrkkkkkkkkeeeeyyyyssss _s_t_r_i_n_g

      This is a method of changing the keymap used for
      copy/history mode.  The string is made up of _o_l_d_c_h_a_r=_n_e_w_c_h_a_r
      pairs    which are separated by `:'. Example: The string
      "B=^B:F=^F" will change the keys `C-b' and `C-f' to the vi
      style    binding    (scroll    up/down    fill page).  This happens to
      be the default binding for `B' and `F'.  The command
      "markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E" would set the mode for an emacs-
      style    binding.

      mmmmeeeettttaaaa

      Insert the command character (C-a) in    the current window's
      input    stream.

      mmmmoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrr [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Toggles activity monitoring of windows.  When    monitoring is
      turned on and    an affected window is switched into the
      background, you will receive the activity notification
      message in the status    line at    the first sign of output and
      the window will also be marked with an `@' in    the window-
      status display.  Monitoring is initially off for all
      windows.

      mmmmssssggggmmmmiiiinnnnwwwwaaaaiiiitttt _s_e_c

      Defines the time _s_c_r_e_e_n delays a new message when one
      message is currently displayed.  The default is 1 second.

      mmmmssssggggwwwwaaaaiiiitttt _s_e_c

      Defines the time a message is    displayed if _s_c_r_e_e_n is not
      disturbed by other activity. The default is 5    seconds.

      mmmmuuuullllttttiiiiuuuusssseeeerrrr oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Switch between singleuser and    multiuser mode.    Standard
      _s_c_r_e_e_n operation is singleuser. In multiuser mode the
      commands `acladd', `aclchg' and `acldel' can be used to
      enable (and disable) other users accessing this screen.

      nnnneeeetttthhhhaaaacccckkkk oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Changes the kind of error messages used by _s_c_r_e_e_n.  When you
      are familiar with the    game "nethack",    you may    enjoy the
      nethack-style    messages which will often blur the facts a



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      little, but are much funnier to read.    Anyway,    standard
      messages often tend to be unclear as well.
      This option is only available    if _s_c_r_e_e_n was compiled with
      the NETHACK flag defined. The    default    setting    is then
      determined by    the presence of    the environment    variable
      $NETHACKOPTIONS.

      nnnneeeexxxxtttt

      Switch to the    next window.  This command can be used
      repeatedly to    cycle through the list of windows.

      nnnnuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr [_n]

      Change the current windows number. If    the given number _n is
      already used by another window, both windows exchange    their
      numbers. If no argument is specified,    the current window
      number (and title) is    shown.

      oooobbbbuuuufffflllliiiimmmmiiiitttt [_l_i_m_i_t]

      If the output    buffer contains    more bytes than    the specified
      limit, no more data will be read from    the windows. The
      default value    is 256.    If you have a fast display (like
      xterm), you can set it to some higher    value. If no argument
      is specified,    the current setting is displayed.

      ooootttthhhheeeerrrr

      Switch to the    window displayed previously.

      ppppaaaarrrrttttiiiiaaaallll oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Defines whether the display should be    refreshed (as with
      _r_e_d_i_s_p_l_a_y) after switching to    the current window. This
      command only affects the current window.  To immediately
      affect all windows use the _a_l_l_p_a_r_t_i_a_l    command.  Default is
      `off', of course.  This default is fixed, as there is
      currently no _d_e_f_p_a_r_t_i_a_l command.

      ppppaaaasssssssswwwwoooorrrrdddd [_c_r_y_p_t_e_d__p_w]

      Present a crypted password in    your ".screenrc" file and
      _s_c_r_e_e_n will ask for it, whenever someone attempts to resume
      a detached. This is useful if    you have privileged programs
      running under    _s_c_r_e_e_n and you want to protect your session
      from reattach    attempts by another user masquerading as your
      uid (i.e. any    superuser.)  If    no crypted password is
      specified, _s_c_r_e_e_n prompts twice for typing a password    and
      places its encryption    in the paste buffer.  Default is
      `none', this disables    password checking.




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      ppppaaaasssstttteeee    [_r_e_g_i_s_t_e_r_s [_d_e_s_t__r_e_g]]

      Write    the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers
      to the stdin queue of    the current window. The    register '.'
      is treated as    the paste buffer. If no    parameter is given the
      user is prompted for a single    register to paste.  The    paste
      buffer can be    filled with the    _c_o_p_y, _h_i_s_t_o_r_y and _r_e_a_d_b_u_f
      commands.  Other registers can be filled with    the _r_e_g_i_s_t_e_r,
      _r_e_a_d_r_e_g and _p_a_s_t_e commands.  If _p_a_s_t_e    is called with a
      second argument, the contents    of the specified registers is
      pasted into the named    destination register rather than the
      window. If '.' is used as the    second argument, the displays
      paste    buffer is the destination.  Note, that "paste" uses a
      wide variety of resources: Whenever a    second argument    is
      specified no current window is needed. When the source
      specification    only contains registers    (not the paste buffer)
      then there need not be a current display (terminal
      attached), as    the registers are a global resource. The paste
      buffer exists    once for every user.

      ppppaaaasssstttteeeeffffoooonnnntttt [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer.
      The default is not to    do so. This command is especially
      usefull for multi character fonts like kanji.

      ppppoooowwww____bbbbrrrreeeeaaaakkkk

      Reopen the window's terminal line and    send a break
      condition. See `break'.

      ppppoooowwww____ddddeeeettttaaaacccchhhh

      Power    detach.     Mainly    the same as _d_e_t_a_c_h, but    also sends a
      HANGUP signal    to the parent process of _s_c_r_e_e_n.  CAUTION:
      This will result in a    logout,    when _s_c_r_e_e_n was    started    from
      your login shell.

      ppppoooowwww____ddddeeeettttaaaacccchhhh____mmmmssssgggg _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

      The _m_e_s_s_a_g_e specified    here is    output whenever    a `Power
      detach' was performed. It may    be used    as a replacement for a
      logout message or to reset baud rate,    etc.

      pppprrrreeeevvvv

      Switch to the    window with the    next lower number.  This
      command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of
      windows.






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      pppprrrriiiinnnnttttccccmmmmdddd [_c_m_d]

      If _c_m_d is not    an empty string, screen    will not use the
      terminal capabilities    "po/pf"    if it detects an ansi print
      sequence EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[ 5555 iiii, but pipe the output into _c_m_d.  This
      should normally be a command like "lpr" or "'cat >
      /tmp/scrprint'".  pppprrrriiiinnnnttttccccmmmmdddd without a command displays    the
      current setting.  The    ansi sequence EEEESSSSCCCC \\\\ ends printing and
      closes the pipe.
      Warning: Be careful with this    command! If other user have
      write    access to your terminal, they will be able to fire off
      print    commands.

      pppprrrroooocccceeeessssssss [_k_e_y]

      Stuff    the contents of    the specified register into _s_c_r_e_e_n's
      input    queue. If no argument is given you are prompted    for a
      register name. The text is parsed as if it had been typed in
      from the user's keyboard. This command can be    used to    bind
      multiple actions to a    single key.

      qqqquuuuiiiitttt

      Kill all windows and terminate _s_c_r_e_e_n.  Note that on VT100-
      style    terminals the keys C-4 and C-\ are identical.  This
      makes    the default bindings dangerous:     Be careful not    to
      type C-a C-4 when selecting window no. 4.  Use the empty
      bind command (as in "bind '^\'") to remove a key binding.

      rrrreeeeaaaaddddbbbbuuuuffff

      Reads    the contents of    the current screen-exchange file into
      the paste buffer.  See also "bufferfile" command.

      rrrreeeeaaaaddddrrrreeeegggg [_r_e_g_i_s_t_e_r [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]]

      Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments:
      with zero or one arguments it    it duplicates the paste    buffer
      contents into    the register specified or entered at the
      prompt. With two arguments it    reads the contents of the
      named    file into the register,    just as    _r_e_a_d_b_u_f    reads the
      screen-exchange file into the    paste buffer.  The following
      example will paste the system's password file    into the
      screen window    (using register    p, where a copy    remains):

              C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd
              C-a : paste p

      rrrreeeeddddiiiissssppppllllaaaayyyy

      Redisplay the    current    window.    Needed to get a    full redisplay
      when in partial redraw mode.



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      rrrreeeeggggiiiisssstttteeeerrrr _k_e_y _s_t_r_i_n_g

      Save the specified _s_t_r_i_n_g to the register _k_e_y. See also the
      "paste" command.

      rrrreeeemmmmoooovvvveeeebbbbuuuuffff

      Unlinks the screen-exchange file used    by the commands
      "writebuf" and "readbuf".

      rrrreeeesssseeeetttt

      Reset    the virtual terminal to    its "power-on" values. Useful
      when strange settings    (like scroll regions or    graphics
      character set) are left over from an application.

      ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn [-_o_p_t_s] [_n] [_c_m_d [_a_r_g_s]]

      Establish a new window.  The flow-control options (----ffff, ----ffffnnnn
      and ----ffffaaaa), title (a.k.a.) option (----tttt),    login options (----llll and
      ----llllnnnn) , terminal type option (----TTTT <<<<tttteeeerrrrmmmm>>>>) and scrollback
      option (----hhhh <num>) may    be specified for each command.    If an
      optional number _n in the range 0..9 is given,    the window
      number _n is assigned to the newly created window (or,    if
      this number is already in-use, the next available number).
      If a command is specified after "screen", this command (with
      the given arguments) is started in the window; otherwise, a
      shell    is created.  Thus, if your ".screenrc" contains    the
      lines

              #    example    for .screenrc:
              screen 1
              screen -fn -t foobar 2 telnet foobar

      _s_c_r_e_e_n creates a shell window    (in window #1) and a window
      with a TELNET    connection to the machine foobar (with no
      flow-control using the title "foobar"    in window #2). Note,
      that unlike previous versions    of _s_c_r_e_e_n no additional
      default window is created when "screen" commands are
      included in your ".screenrc" file. When the initialization
      is completed,    _s_c_r_e_e_n switches    to the last window specified
      in your .screenrc file or, if    none, opens a default window
      #0.

      ssssccccrrrroooollllllllbbbbaaaacccckkkk _n_u_m

      Set the size of the scrollback buffer    for the    current
      windows to _n_u_m lines.    The default scrollback is 100 lines.
      See also the "defscrollback" command and use "C-a i" to view
      the current setting.





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      sssseeeelllleeeecccctttt [_n]

      Switch to the    window with the    number _n.  If no window    number
      is specified,    you get    prompted for an    identifier. This can
      be title (alphanumeric window    name) or a number.  When a new
      window is established, the first available number is
      assigned to this window.  Thus, the first window can be
      activated by "select 0" (there can be    no more    than 10
      windows present simultaneously unless    _s_c_r_e_e_n was compiled
      with a higher    MAXWIN setting).

      sssseeeessssssssiiiioooonnnnnnnnaaaammmmeeee [_n_a_m_e]

      Rename the current session. Note, that for "screen -list"
      the name shows up with the process-id    prepended. If the
      argument "name" is omitted, the name of this session is
      displayed. Caution: The $STY environment variables still
      reflects the old name. This may result in confusion.    The
      default is constructed from the tty and host names.

      sssseeeetttteeeennnnvvvv [_v_a_r [_s_t_r_i_n_g]]

      Set the environment variable _v_a_r to value _s_t_r_i_n_g.  If    only
      _v_a_r is specified, the    user will be prompted to enter a
      value.  If no    parameters are specified, the user will    be
      prompted for both variable and value.    The environment    is
      inherited by all subsequently    forked shells.

      sssshhhheeeellllllll    _c_o_m_m_a_n_d

      Set the command to be    used to    create a new shell.  This
      overrides the    value of the environment variable $SHELL.
      This is useful if you'd like to run a    tty-enhancer which is
      expecting to execute the program specified in    $SHELL.    If the
      command begins with a    '-' character, the shell will be
      started as a login-shell.

      sssshhhheeeellllllllttttiiiittttlllleeee _t_i_t_l_e

      Set the title    for all    shells created during startup or by
      the C-A C-c command.    For details about what a title is, see
      the discussion entitled "TITLES (naming windows)".

      ssssiiiilllleeeennnncccceeee [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff|_s_e_c]

      Toggles silence monitoring of    windows.  When silence is
      turned on and    an affected window is switched into the
      background, you will receive the silence notification
      message in the status    line after a specified period of
      inactivity (silence).    The default timeout can    be changed
      with the `silencewait' command or by specifying a number of
      seconds instead of `on' or `off'.  Silence is    initially off



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      for all windows.

      ssssiiiilllleeeennnncccceeeewwwwaaaaiiiitttt _s_e_c

      Define the time that all windows monitored for silence
      should wait before displaying    a message. Default 30 seconds.

      sssslllleeeeeeeepppp    _n_u_m

      This command will pause the execution    of a .screenrc file
      for _n_u_m seconds.  Keyboard activity will end the sleep.  It
      may be used to give users a chance to    read the messages
      output by "echo".

      sssslllloooowwwwppppaaaasssstttteeee _u_s_e_c

      Define the speed at which text is inserted by    the paste
      ("C-a    ]") command.  If the slowpaste value is    nonzero    text
      is written character by character.  _s_c_r_e_e_n will make a pause
      of _u_s_e_c milliseconds after each single character write to
      allow    the application    to process its input. Only use
      slowpaste if your underlying system exposes flow control
      problems while pasting large amounts of text.

      ssssoooorrrreeeennnnddddiiiittttiiiioooonnnn [_a_t_t_r [_c_o_l_o_r]]

      Change the way screen    does highlighting for text marking and
      printing messages.  _A_t_t_r is a    hexadecimal number and
      describes the    attributes (inverse, underline,    ...) the text
      will get.  _C_o_l_o_r is a    2 digit    number and changes the
      forground/background of the highlighted text.     Some
      knowledge of screen's    internal character representation is
      needed to make the characters    appear in the desired way. The
      default is currently 10 99 (standout,    default    colors).

      ssssttttaaaarrrrttttuuuupppp____mmmmeeeessssssssaaaaggggeeee oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during
      startup.  Default is `on', as    you probably noticed.

      ssssttttuuuuffffffff    _s_t_r_i_n_g

      Stuff    the string _s_t_r_i_n_g in the input buffer of the current
      window.  This    is like    the "paste" command but    with much less
      overhead.  You cannot    paste large buffers with the tuff"
      command. It is most useful for key bindings. See also
      "bindkey".

      ssssuuuussssppppeeeennnndddd

      Suspend _s_c_r_e_e_n.  The windows are in the `detached' state,
      while    _s_c_r_e_e_n is suspended. This feature relies on the    shell



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      being    able to    do job control.

      tttteeeerrrrmmmm _t_e_r_m

      In each window's environment _s_c_r_e_e_n opens, the $TERM
      variable is set to "screen" by default.  But when no
      description for "screen" is installed    in the local termcap
      or terminfo data base, you set $TERM to - say    - "vt100".
      This won't do    much harm, as _s_c_r_e_e_n is    VT100/ANSI compatible.
      The use of the "term"    command    is discouraged for non-default
      purpose.  That is, one may want to specify special $TERM
      settings (e.g. vt100)    for the    next "screen rlogin
      othermachine"    command. Use the command "screen -T vt100
      rlogin othermachine" rather than setting and resetting the
      default.

      tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaapppp _t_e_r_m _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l-_t_w_e_a_k_s [_w_i_n_d_o_w-_t_w_e_a_k_s]
      tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnffffoooo _t_e_r_m    _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l-_t_w_e_a_k_s    [_w_i_n_d_o_w-_t_w_e_a_k_s]
      tttteeeerrrrmmmmccccaaaappppiiiinnnnffffoooo _t_e_r_m _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l-_t_w_e_a_k_s [_w_i_n_d_o_w-_t_w_e_a_k_s]

      Use this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry
      without going    through    all the    hassles    involved in creating a
      custom termcap entry.     Plus, you can optionally customize
      the termcap generated    for the    windows.  If your system works
      with terminfo-database rather    than with termcap, _s_c_r_e_e_n will
      understand the `terminfo' command, which has the same
      effects as the `termcap' command.  Two separate commands are
      provided, as there are subtle    syntactic differences, e.g.
      when parameter interpolation (using `%') is required.    Note
      that termcap names of    the capabilities have to be used with
      the `terminfo' command.
      In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both
      terminfo and termcap syntax, you can use the command
      `termcapinfo', which is just a shorthand for a pair of
      `termcap' and    `terminfo' commands with identical arguments.

      The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should    be
      affected by this definition.    You can    specify    multiple
      terminal names by separating them with `|'s.    Use `*'    to
      match    all terminals and `vt*'    to match all terminals that
      begin    with "vt".

      Each _t_w_e_a_k argument contains one or more termcap defines
      (separated by    `:'s) to be inserted at    the start of the
      appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or overriding
      existing values.  The    first tweak modifies your terminal's
      termcap, and contains    definitions that your terminal uses to
      perform certain functions.  Specify a    null string to leave
      this unchanged (e.g. '').  The second    (optional) tweak
      modifies all the window termcaps, and    should contain
      definitions that _s_c_r_e_e_n understands (see the "VIRTUAL
      TERMINAL" section).



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      Some examples:

           termcap xterm*  LP:hs@

      Informs _s_c_r_e_e_n that all terminals that begin with `xterm'
      have firm auto-margins that allow the    last position on the
      screen to be updated (LP), but they don't really have    a
      status line (no 'hs' - append    `@' to turn entries off).
      Note that we assume `LP' for all terminal names that start
      with "vt", but only if you don't specify a termcap command
      for that terminal.

           termcap vt*  LP
           termcap vt102|vt220  Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l

      Specifies the    firm-margined `LP' capability for all
      terminals that begin with `vt', and the second line will
      also add the escape-sequences    to switch into (Z0) and    back
      out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if this is a VT102
      or VT220.  (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap to
      use the width-changing commands.)

           termcap vt100  ""  l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4

      This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds    the function
      key labels to    each window's termcap entry.

           termcap h19|z19    am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO  dc=\E[P

      Takes    a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins    (am@)
      and enables the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei)
      capabilities (the `@'    in the `im' string is after the    `=',
      so it    is part    of the string).     Having    the `im' and `ei'
      definitions put into your terminal's termcap will cause
      _s_c_r_e_e_n to automatically advertise the    character-insert
      capability in    each window's termcap.    Each window will also
      get the delete-character capability (dc) added to its
      termcap, which _s_c_r_e_e_n    will translate into a line-update for
      the terminal (we're pretending it doesn't support character
      deletion).

      If you would like to fully specify each window's termcap
      entry, you should instead set    the $SCREENCAP variable    prior
      to running _s_c_r_e_e_n.  See the discussion on the    "VIRTUAL
      TERMINAL" in this manual, and    the termcap(5) man page    for
      more information on termcap definitions.

      ttttiiiimmmmeeee

      Uses the message line    to display the time of day, the    host
      name,    and the    load averages over 1, 5, and 15    minutes    (if
      this is available on your system).  For window specific



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      information use "info".

      ttttiiiittttlllleeee    [_w_i_n_d_o_w_a_l_i_a_s]

      Set the name of the current window to    _w_i_n_d_o_w_a_l_i_a_s. If    no
      name is specified, _s_c_r_e_e_n prompts for    one. This command was
      known    as `aka' in previous releases.

      uuuunnnnsssseeeetttteeeennnnvvvv _v_a_r

      Unset    an environment variable.

      vvvvbbbbeeeellllllll    oooonnnn|ooooffffffff

      If your terminal does    not support a visual bell, a `vbell-
      message' is displayed    in the status line.  Sets the visual
      bell setting for this    window.    If your    terminal does not
      support a visual bell, a `vbell-message' is displayed    in the
      status line.    Refer to the termcap variable `vb' (terminfo:
      'flash').

      vvvvbbbbeeeellllllll____mmmmssssgggg _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

      Sets the visual bell message.    _m_e_s_s_a_g_e    is printed to the
      status line if the window receives a bell character (^G) and
      vbell    is set to "on".     The default message is    "Wuff,
      Wuff!!".

      vvvvbbbbeeeellllllllwwwwaaaaiiiitttt _s_e_c

      Define a delay in seconds after each display of _s_c_r_e_e_n's
      visual bell message. The default is 1    second.

      vvvveeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn

      Print    the current version and    the compile date in the    status
      line.

      wwwwaaaallllllll _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

      Write    a message to all displays. The message will appear in
      the terminal's status    line.

      wwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh    [_n_u_m]

      Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns or    set it
      to _n_u_m columns if an argument    is specified.  This requires a
      capable terminal and the termcap entries "Z0"    and "Z1".  See
      the "termcap"    command    for more information.






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      wwwwiiiinnnnddddoooowwwwssss

      Uses the message line    to display a list of all the windows.
      Each window is listed    by number with the name    of process
      that has been    started    in the window (or its title); the
      current window is marked with    a `*'; the previous window is
      marked with a    `-'; all the windows that are "logged in" are
      marked with a    `$'; a background window that has received a
      bell is marked with a    `!'; a background window that is being
      monitored and    has had    activity occur is marked with an `@';
      a window which has output logging turned on is marked    with
      `(L)'; windows occupied by other users are marked with `&';
      windows in the zombie    state are marked with `Z'.  If this
      list is too long to fit on the terminal's status line    only
      the portion around the current window    is displayed.

      wwwwrrrraaaapppp [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff]

      Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window.  When
      line-wrap is on, the second consecutive printable character
      output at the    last column of a line will wrap    to the start
      of the following line.  As an    added feature, backspace (^H)
      will also wrap through the left margin to the    previous line.
      Default is `on'.

      wwwwrrrriiiitttteeeebbbbuuuuffff

      Writes the contents of the paste buffer to a public
      accessible screen-exchange file. This    is thought of as a
      primitive means of communication between _s_c_r_e_e_n users    on the
      same host. The filename can be set with the _b_u_f_f_e_r_f_i_l_e
      command and defaults to "/tmp/screen-exchange".

      wwwwrrrriiiitttteeeelllloooocccckkkk [oooonnnn|ooooffffffff|aaaauuuuttttoooo]

      In addition to access    control    lists, not all users may be
      able to write    to the same window at once. Per    default,
      writelock is in `auto' mode and grants exclusive input
      permission to    the user who is    the first to switch to the
      particular window. When he leaves the    window,    other users
      may obtain the writelock (automatically). The    writelock of
      the current window is    disabled by the    command    "writelock
      off".    If the user issues the command "writelock on" he keeps
      the exclusive    write permission while switching to other
      windows.

      xxxxooooffffffff
      xxxxoooonnnn

      Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to    the stdin queue    of the
      current window.




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      zzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee [_k_e_y_s]
      ddddeeeeffffzzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee [_k_e_y_s]

      Per default _s_c_r_e_e_n windows are removed from the window list
      as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell) exits. When a
      string of two    keys is    specified to the zombie    command,
      `dead' windows will remain in    the list.  The kkkkiiiillllllll kommand
      may be used to remove    such a window. Pressing    the first key
      in the dead window has the same effect. When pressing    the
      second key, screen will attempt to resurrect the window. The
      process that was initially running in    the window will    be
      launched again. Calling zzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee without parameters will clear
      the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when their
      process exits.

      As the zombie-setting    is manipulated globally    for all
      windows, this    command    should only be called ddddeeeeffffzzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee. Until
      we need this as a per    window setting,    the commands zzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee
      and ddddeeeeffffzzzzoooommmmbbbbiiiieeee    are synonymous.


     TTTTHHHHEEEE MMMMEEEESSSSSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEE LLLLIIIINNNNEEEE
      _S_c_r_e_e_n displays informational    messages and other diagnostics
      in a _m_e_s_s_a_g_e _l_i_n_e.  While this line is distributed to    appear
      at the bottom    of the screen, it can be defined to appear at
      the top of the screen    during compilation.  If    your terminal
      has a    status line defined in its termcap, _s_c_r_e_e_n will    use
      this for displaying its messages, otherwise a    line of    the
      current screen will be temporarily overwritten and output
      will be momentarily interrupted. The message line is
      automatically    removed    after a    few seconds delay, but it can
      also be removed early    (on terminals without a    status line)
      by beginning to type.

      The message line facility can    be used    by an application
      running in the current window    by means of the    ANSI _P_r_i_v_a_c_y
      _m_e_s_s_a_g_e control sequence.  For instance, from    within the
      shell, try something like:

           echo '<esc>^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'<esc>\\'

      where    '<esc>'    is an _e_s_c_a_p_e, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and
      '\\' turns into a single backslash.



     FFFFLLLLOOOOWWWW----CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTRRRROOOOLLLL
      Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how
      _s_c_r_e_e_n deals with the    XON and    XOFF characters    (and perhaps
      the interrupt    character).  When flow-control is turned off,
      _s_c_r_e_e_n ignores the XON and XOFF characters, which allows the
      user to send them to the current program by simply typing



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      them (useful for the _e_m_a_c_s editor, for instance).  The
      trade-off is that it will take longer    for output from    a
      "normal" program to pause in response    to an XOFF.  With
      flow-control turned on, XON and XOFF characters are used to
      immediately pause the    output of the current window.  You can
      still    send these characters to the current program, but you
      must use the appropriate two-character _s_c_r_e_e_n    commands
      (typically "C-a q" (xon) and "C-a s" (xoff)).     The xon/xoff
      commands are also useful for typing C-s and C-q past a
      terminal that    intercepts these characters.

      Each window has an initial flow-control value    set with
      either the ----ffff    option or the "defflow"    .screenrc command. Per
      default the windows are set to automatic flow-switching.  It
      can then be toggled between the three    states 'fixed on',
      'fixed off' and

      The automatic    flow-switching mode deals with flow control
      using    the TIOCPKT mode (like "rlogin"    does). If the tty
      driver does not support TIOCPKT, _s_c_r_e_e_n tries    to find    out
      the right mode based on the current setting of the
      application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control    is
      turned off and visa versa.  Of course, you can still
      manipulate flow-control manually when    needed.

      If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that
      pressing the interrupt key (usually C-c) does    not interrupt
      the display until another 6-8    lines have scrolled by,    try
      running _s_c_r_e_e_n with the "interrupt" option (add the
      "interrupt" flag to the "flow" command in your .screenrc, or
      use the ----iiii command-line option).  This causes    the output
      that _s_c_r_e_e_n has accumulated from the interrupted program to
      be flushed.  One disadvantage    is that    the virtual terminal's
      memory contains the non-flushed version of the output, which
      in rare cases    can cause minor    inaccuracies in    the output.
      For example, if you switch screens and return, or update the
      screen with "C-a l" you would    see the    version    of the output
      you would have gotten    without    "interrupt" being on.  Also,
      you might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow
      mode to turn it off automatically) when running a program
      that expects you to type the interrupt character as input,
      as it    is possible to interrupt the output of the virtual
      terminal to your physical terminal when flow-control is
      enabled.  If this happens, a simple refresh of the screen
      with "C-a l" will restore it.     Give each mode    a try, and use
      whichever mode you find more comfortable.



     TTTTIIIITTTTLLLLEEEESSSS ((((nnnnaaaammmmiiiinnnngggg wwwwiiiinnnnddddoooowwwwssss))))
      You can customize each window's name in the window display
      (viewed with the "windows" command (C-a w)) by setting it



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      with one of the title    commands.  Normally the    name displayed
      is the actual    command    name of    the program created in the
      window.  However, it is sometimes useful to distinguish
      various programs of the same name or to change the name on-
      the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

      The default name for all shell windows can be    set with the
      "shelltitle" command in the .screenrc    file, while all    other
      windows are created with a "screen" command and thus can
      have their name set with the ----tttt option.  Interactively,
      there    is the title-string escape-sequence (<esc>k_n_a_m_e<esc>\)
      and the "title" command (C-a A).  The    former can be output
      from an application to control the window's name under
      software control, and    the latter will    prompt for a name when
      typed.  You can also bind pre-defined    names to keys with the
      "title" command to set things    quickly    without    prompting.

      Finally, _s_c_r_e_e_n has a    shell-specific heuristic that is
      enabled by setting the window's name to "_s_e_a_r_c_h|_n_a_m_e"    and
      arranging to have a null title escape-sequence output    as a
      part of your prompt.    The _s_e_a_r_c_h portion specifies an    end-
      of-prompt search string, while the _n_a_m_e portion specifies
      the default shell name for the window.  If the _n_a_m_e ends in
      a `:'     _s_c_r_e_e_n    will add what it believes to be    the current
      command running in the window    to the end of the window's
      shell    name (e.g. "_n_a_m_e:_c_m_d").     Otherwise the current command
      name supersedes the shell name while it is running.

      Here's how it    works:    you must modify    your shell prompt to
      output a null    title-escape-sequence (<esc>k<esc>\) as    a part
      of your prompt.  The last part of your prompt    must be    the
      same as the string you specified for the _s_e_a_r_c_h portion of
      the title.  Once this    is set up, _s_c_r_e_e_n will use the title-
      escape-sequence to clear the previous    command    name and get
      ready    for the    next command.  Then, when a newline is
      received from    the shell, a search is made for    the end    of the
      prompt.  If found, it    will grab the first word after the
      matched string and use it as the command name.  If the
      command name begins with either '!', '%', or '^' _s_c_r_e_e_n will
      use the first    word on    the following line (if found) in
      preference to    the just-found name.  This helps csh users get
      better command names when using job control or history
      recall commands.

      Here's some .screenrc    examples:

           screen -t top 2 nice top

      Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d
      version of the "top" command in window 2 named "top" rather
      than "nice".




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              shelltitle '> |csh'
              screen 1

      These    commands would start a shell with the given
      shelltitle.  The title specified is an auto-title that would
      expect the prompt and    the typed command to look something
      like the following:

           /usr/joe/src/dir> trn

      (it looks after the '> ' for the command name).  The window
      status would show the    name "trn" while the command was
      running, and revert to "csh" upon completion.

           bind R screen -t    '% |root:' su

      Having this command in your .screenrc    would bind the key
      sequence "C-a    R" to the "su" command and give    it an auto-
      title    name of    "root:".  For this auto-title to work, the
      screen could look something like this:

              %    !em
              emacs file.c

      Here the user    typed the csh history command "!em" which ran
      the previously entered "emacs" command.  The window status
      would    show "root:emacs" during the execution of the command,
      and revert to    simply "root:" at its completion.

              bind o title
              bind E title ""
              bind u title (unknown)

      The first binding doesn't have any arguments,    so it would
      prompt you for a title. when you type    "C-a o".  The second
      binding would    clear an auto-title's current setting (C-a E).
      The third binding would set the current window's title to
      "(unknown)" (C-a u).

      One thing to keep in mind when adding    a null title-escape-
      sequence to your prompt is that some shells (like the    csh)
      count    all the    non-control characters as part of the prompt's
      length.  If these invisible characters aren't    a multiple of
      8 then backspacing over a tab    will result in an incorrect
      display.  One    way to get around this is to use a prompt like
      this:

           set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '

      The escape-sequence "<esc>[0000m" not    only normalizes    the
      character attributes,    but all    the zeros round    the length of
      the invisible    characters up to 8.  Bash users    will probably



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      want to echo the escape sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:

           PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -n -e "\033k\033\134"'

      (I used "134"    to output a `\'    because    of a bug in bash
      v1.04).



     TTTTHHHHEEEE VVVVIIIIRRRRTTTTUUUUAAAALLLL TTTTEEEERRRRMMMMIIIINNNNAAAALLLL
      Each window in a _s_c_r_e_e_n session emulates a VT100 terminal,
      with some extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is
      hardcoded, no    other terminal types can be emulated.
      Usually _s_c_r_e_e_n tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI
      standard as possible.    But if your terminal lacks certain
      capabilities,    the emulation may not be complete. In these
      cases    _s_c_r_e_e_n has to tell the applications that some of the
      features are missing.    This is    no problem on machines using
      termcap, because _s_c_r_e_e_n can use the $TERMCAP variable    to
      customize the    standard _s_c_r_e_e_n    termcap.

      But if you do    a rlogin on another machine or your machine
      supports only    terminfo this method fails. Because of this,
      _s_c_r_e_e_n offers    a way to deal with these cases.     Here is how
      it works:

      When _s_c_r_e_e_n tries to figure out a terminal name for itself,
      it first looks for an    entry named "screen.<term>", where
      <term> is the    contents of your $TERM variable.  If no    such
      entry    exists,    _s_c_r_e_e_n tries "screen" (or "screen-w" if    the
      terminal is wide (132    cols or    more)).     If even this entry
      cannot be found, "vt100" is used as a    substitute.

      The idea is that if you have a terminal which    doesn't
      support an important feature (e.g. delete char or clear to
      EOS) you can build a new termcap/terminfo entry for _s_c_r_e_e_n
      (named "screen.<dumbterm>") in which this capability has
      been disabled. If this entry is installed on your machines
      you are able to do a rlogin and still    keep the correct
      termcap/terminfo entry.  The terminal    name is    put in the
      $TERM    variable of all    new windows.  _S_c_r_e_e_n also sets the
      $TERMCAP variable reflecting the capabilities    of the virtual
      terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using
      the terminfo database    this variable has no effect.
      Furthermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window
      number of each window.

      The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual
      terminal depends on the capabilities supported by the
      physical terminal.  If, for instance,    the physical terminal
      does not support underscore mode, _s_c_r_e_e_n does    not put    the
      `us' and `ue'    capabilities into the window's $TERMCAP



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      variable, accordingly.  However, a minimum number of
      capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order    to run
      _s_c_r_e_e_n; namely scrolling, clear screen, and direct cursor
      addressing (in addition, _s_c_r_e_e_n does not run on hardcopy
      terminals or on terminals that over-strike).

      Also,    you can    customize the $TERMCAP value used by _s_c_r_e_e_n by
      using    the "termcap" .screenrc    command, or by defining    the
      variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup.     When the is latter
      defined, its value will be copied verbatim into each
      window's $TERMCAP variable.  This can    either be the full
      terminal definition, or a filename where the terminal
      "screen" (and/or "screen-w") is defined.

      Note that _s_c_r_e_e_n honors the "terminfo" .screenrc command if
      the system uses the terminfo database    rather than termcap.

      When the boolean `G0'    capability is present in the termcap
      entry    for the    terminal on which _s_c_r_e_e_n has been called, the
      terminal emulation of    _s_c_r_e_e_n supports    multiple character
      sets.     This allows an    application to make use    of, for
      instance, the    VT100 graphics character set or    national
      character sets.  The following control functions from    ISO
      2022 are supported:  _l_o_c_k _s_h_i_f_t _G_0 (_S_I), _l_o_c_k    _s_h_i_f_t _G_1 (_S_O),
      _l_o_c_k _s_h_i_f_t _G_2, _l_o_c_k _s_h_i_f_t _G_3,    _s_i_n_g_l_e _s_h_i_f_t _G_2, and _s_i_n_g_l_e
      _s_h_i_f_t    _G_3.  When a virtual terminal is    created    or reset, the
      ASCII    character set is designated as _G_0 through _G_3.  When
      the `G0' capability is present, _s_c_r_e_e_n evaluates the
      capabilities `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present.    `S0' is    the
      sequence the terminal    uses to    enable and start the graphics
      character set    rather than _S_I.     `E0' is the corresponding
      replacement for _S_O. `C0' gives a character by    character
      translation string that is used during semi-graphics mode.
      This string is built like the    `acsc' terminfo    capability.

      When the `po'    and `pf' capabilities are present in the
      terminal's termcap entry, applications running in a _s_c_r_e_e_n
      window can send output to the    printer    port of    the terminal.
      This allows a    user to    have an    application in one window
      sending output to a printer connected    to the terminal, while
      all other windows are    still active (the printer port is
      enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output).     As a
      side-effect, programs    running    in different windows can send
      output to the    printer    simultaneously.     Data sent to the
      printer is not displayed in the window.

      _S_c_r_e_e_n maintains a hardstatus    line for every window. If a
      window gets selected,    the display's hardstatus will be
      updated to match the window's    hardstatus line. If the
      display has no hardstatus the    line will be displayed as a
      standard screen message.  The    hardstatus line    can be changed
      with the ANSI    Application Program Command (APC):



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      "ESC_<string>ESC\". As a convenience for xterm users the
      sequence "ESC]0..2;<string>^G" is also accepted.

      Some capabilities are    only put into the $TERMCAP variable of
      the virtual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented
      by the physical terminal.  For instance, `dl'    (delete    line)
      is only put into the $TERMCAP    variable if the    terminal
      supports either delete line itself or    scrolling regions.
      Note that this may provoke confusion,    when the session is
      reattached on    a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP
      cannot be modified by    parent processes.

      The following    is a list of control sequences recognized by
      _s_c_r_e_e_n.  "(V)" and "(A)" indicate VT100-specific and ANSI-
      or ISO-specific functions, respectively.

      EEEESSSSCCCC EEEE                 Next Line

      EEEESSSSCCCC DDDD                 Index

      EEEESSSSCCCC MMMM                 Reverse Index

      EEEESSSSCCCC HHHH                 Horizontal    Tab Set

      EEEESSSSCCCC ZZZZ                 Send VT100    Identification String

      EEEESSSSCCCC 7777            (V)  Save Cursor and Attributes

      EEEESSSSCCCC 8888            (V)  Restore Cursor and    Attributes

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[ssss        (A)  Save Cursor and Attributes

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[uuuu        (A)  Restore Cursor and    Attributes

      EEEESSSSCCCC cccc                 Reset to Initial State

      EEEESSSSCCCC gggg                 Visual Bell

      EEEESSSSCCCC Pn pppp             Cursor Visibility (97801)

          Pn = 6666             Invisible

           7777             Visible

      EEEESSSSCCCC ====            (V)  Application Keypad    Mode

      EEEESSSSCCCC >>>>            (V)  Numeric Keypad Mode

      EEEESSSSCCCC ####    8888        (V)  Fill Screen with E's

      EEEESSSSCCCC \\\\            (A)  String Terminator




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      EEEESSSSCCCC ^^^^            (A)  Privacy Message String (Message
                     Line)

      EEEESSSSCCCC !!!!                 Global Message String (Message
                     Line)

      EEEESSSSCCCC kkkk                 A.k.a. Definition String

      EEEESSSSCCCC PPPP            (A)  Device Control String.  Outputs a
                     string directly to    the host
                     terminal without interpretation.

      EEEESSSSCCCC ____            (A)  Application Program Command
                     (Hardstatus)

      EEEESSSSCCCC ]]]]            (A)  Operating System Command
                     (Hardstatus, xterm    title hack)

      CCCCoooonnnnttttrrrroooollll----NNNN        (A)  Lock Shift    G1 (SO)

      CCCCoooonnnnttttrrrroooollll----OOOO        (A)  Lock Shift    G0 (SI)

      EEEESSSSCCCC nnnn            (A)  Lock Shift    G2

      EEEESSSSCCCC oooo            (A)  Lock Shift    G3

      EEEESSSSCCCC NNNN            (A)  Single Shift G2

      EEEESSSSCCCC OOOO            (A)  Single Shift G3

      EEEESSSSCCCC ((((    Pcs        (A)  Designate character set as    G0

      EEEESSSSCCCC ))))    Pcs        (A)  Designate character set as    G1

      EEEESSSSCCCC ****    Pcs        (A)  Designate character set as    G2

      EEEESSSSCCCC ++++    Pcs        (A)  Designate character set as    G3

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn ;;;; Pn    HHHH         Direct Cursor Addressing

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn ;;;; Pn    ffff         Direct Cursor Addressing

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn JJJJ             Erase in Display

        Pn = None or 0000         From Cursor to End    of Screen

             1111             From Beginning of Screen to
                     Cursor

             2222             Entire Screen

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn KKKK             Erase in Line



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        Pn = None or 0000         From Cursor to End    of Line

             1111             From Beginning of Line to Cursor

             2222             Entire Line

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn AAAA             Cursor Up

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn BBBB             Cursor Down

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn CCCC             Cursor Right

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn DDDD             Cursor Left

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Ps ;;;;...;;;; Ps mmmm         Select Graphic Rendition

        Ps = None or 0000         Default Rendition

             1111             Bold

             2222        (A)  Faint

             3333        (A)  _S_t_a_n_d_o_u_t Mode (ANSI: Italicized)

             4444             Underlined

             5555             Blinking

             7777             Negative Image

             22222222        (A)  Normal Intensity

             22223333        (A)  _S_t_a_n_d_o_u_t Mode off (ANSI:
                     Italicized    off)

             22224444        (A)  Not Underlined

             22225555        (A)  Not Blinking

             22227777        (A)  Positive Image

             33330000        (A)  Foreground    Black

             33331111        (A)  Foreground    Red

             33332222        (A)  Foreground    Green

             33333333        (A)  Foreground    Yellow

             33334444        (A)  Foreground    Blue

             33335555        (A)  Foreground    Magenta



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             33336666        (A)  Foreground    Cyan

             33337777        (A)  Foreground    White

             33339999        (A)  Foreground    Default

             44440000        (A)  Background    Black

             ............

             44449999        (A)  Background    Default

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn gggg             Tab Clear

        Pn = None or 0000         Clear Tab at Current Position

             3333             Clear All Tabs

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn ;;;; Pn    rrrr    (V)  Set Scrolling Region

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn IIII        (A)  Horizontal    Tab

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn ZZZZ        (A)  Backward Tab

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn LLLL        (A)  Insert Line

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn MMMM        (A)  Delete Line

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn @@@@        (A)  Insert Character

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn PPPP        (A)  Delete Character

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn SSSS             Scroll Scrolling Region Up

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Pn TTTT             Scroll Scrolling Region Down

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Ps ;;;;...;;;; Ps hhhh         Set Mode

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    Ps ;;;;...;;;; Ps llll         Reset Mode

        Ps = 4444        (A)  Insert Mode

             22220000        (A)  _A_u_t_o_m_a_t_i_c _L_i_n_e_f_e_e_d    Mode

             33334444             Normal Cursor Visibility

             ????1111        (V)  Application Cursor    Keys

             ????3333        (V)  Change Terminal Width to 132
                     columns

             ????5555        (V)  Reverse Video



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             ????6666        (V)  _O_r_i_g_i_n Mode

             ????7777        (V)  _W_r_a_p Mode

             ????22225555    (V)  Visible Cursor

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    5555 iiii        (A)  Start relay to printer (ANSI
                     Media Copy)

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    4444 iiii        (A)  Stop relay    to printer (ANSI Media
                     Copy)

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    8888 ;;;; Ph ;;;; Pw tttt         Resize the    window to `Ph' lines
                     and `Pw' columns (SunView
                     special)

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    cccc             Send VT100    Identification String

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    xxxx             Send Terminal Parameter Report

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    >>>> cccc             Send VT220    Secondary Device
                     Attributes    String

      EEEESSSSCCCC [[[[    6666 nnnn             Send Cursor Position Report



     IIIINNNNPPPPUUUUTTTT TTTTRRRRAAAANNNNSSSSLLLLAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
      In order to do a full    VT100 emulation    _s_c_r_e_e_n has to detect
      that a sequence of characters    in the input stream was
      generated by a keypress on the user's    keyboard and insert
      the VT100 style escape sequence. _S_c_r_e_e_n has a    very flexible
      way of doing this by making it posible to map    arbitrary
      commands on arbitrary    sequences of characters. For standard
      VT100    emulation the command will always insert a string in
      the input buffer of the window (see also command ssssttttuuuuffffffff in
      the command table).  Because the sequences generated by a
      keypress can change after a reattach from a different
      terminal type, it is possible    to bind    commands to the
      termcap name of the keys.  _S_c_r_e_e_n will insert    the correct
      binding after    each reattach. See the bbbbiiiinnnnddddkkkkeeeeyyyy command for
      further details on the syntax    and examples.

      Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means
      that the command is executed if the keyboard is switched
      into application mode.

      Key name        Termcap name    Command
      ______________________________________________________
      Cursor up        ku        stuff \033[A
                        stuff \033OA    (A)
      Cursor down        kd        stuff \033[B



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                        stuff \033OB    (A)
      Cursor right        kr        stuff \033[C
                        stuff \033OC    (A)
      Cursor left        kl        stuff \033[D
                        stuff \033OD    (A)
      Function key 0    k0        stuff \033[10~
      Function key 1    k1        stuff \033OP
      Function key 2    k2        stuff \033OQ
      Function key 3    k3        stuff \033OR
      Function key 4    k4        stuff \033OS
      Function key 5    k5        stuff \033[15~
      Function key 6    k6        stuff \033[17~
      Function key 7    k7        stuff \033[18~
      Function key 8    k8        stuff \033[19~
      Function key 9    k9        stuff \033[20~
      Function key 10    k;        stuff \033[21~
      Function key 11    F1        stuff \033[22~
      Function key 12    F2        stuff \033[23~
      Backspace        kb        stuff \010
      Home            kh        stuff \033[1~
      End            kH        stuff \033[4~
      Insert        kI        stuff \033[2~
      Delete        kD        stuff \033[3~
      Page up        kP        stuff \033[5~
      Page down        kN        stuff \033[6~
      Keypad 0        f0        stuff 0
                        stuff \033Op    (A)
      Keypad 1        f1        stuff 1
                        stuff \033Oq    (A)
      Keypad 2        f2        stuff 2
                        stuff \033Or    (A)
      Keypad 3        f3        stuff 3
                        stuff \033Os    (A)
      Keypad 4        f4        stuff 4
                        stuff \033Ot    (A)
      Keypad 5        f5        stuff 5
                        stuff \033Ou    (A)
      Keypad 6        f6        stuff 6
                        stuff \033Ov    (A)
      Keypad 7        f7        stuff 7
                        stuff \033Ow    (A)
      Keypad 8        f8        stuff 8
                        stuff \033Ox    (A)
      Keypad 9        f9        stuff 9
                        stuff \033Oy    (A)
      Keypad +        f+        stuff +
                        stuff \033Ok    (A)
      Keypad -        f-        stuff -
                        stuff \033Om    (A)
      Keypad *        f*        stuff *
                        stuff \033Oj    (A)
      Keypad /        f/        stuff /



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                        stuff \033Oo    (A)
      Keypad =        fq        stuff =
                        stuff \033OX    (A)
      Keypad .        f.        stuff .
                        stuff \033On    (A)
      Keypad ,        f,        stuff ,
                        stuff \033Ol    (A)
      Keypad enter        fe        stuff \015
                        stuff \033OM    (A)



     SSSSPPPPEEEECCCCIIIIAAAALLLL TTTTEEEERRRRMMMMIIIINNNNAAAALLLL CCCCAAAAPPPPAAAABBBBIIIILLLLIIIITTTTIIIIEEEESSSS
      The following    table describes    all terminal capabilities that
      are recognized by _s_c_r_e_e_n and are not in the termcap(5)
      manual.  You can place these capabilities in your termcap
      entries (in `/etc/termcap') or use them with the commands
      `termcap', `terminfo'    and `termcapinfo' in your screenrc
      files. It is often not possible to place these capabilities
      in the terminfo database.

      LLLLPPPP   (_b_o_o_l)  Terminal    has VT100 style    margins    (`magic
               margins'). Note that this capability is
               obsolete    because    _s_c_r_e_e_n uses the    standard 'xn'
               instead.

      ZZZZ0000   (_s_t_r)   Change width to 132 columns.

      ZZZZ1111   (_s_t_r)   Change width to 80 columns.

      WWWWSSSS   (_s_t_r)   Resize display. This capability has the desired
               width and height    as arguments. _S_u_n_V_i_e_w(_t_m)
               example:    '\E[8;%d;%dt'.

      NNNNFFFF   (_b_o_o_l)  Terminal    doesn't    need flow control. Send    ^S and
               ^Q direct to the    application. Same as 'flow
               off'. The opposite of this capability is    'nx'.

      GGGG0000   (_b_o_o_l)  Terminal    can deal with ISO 2022 font selection
               sequences.

      SSSS0000   (_s_t_r)   Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset.
               Default is '\E(%.'.

      EEEE0000   (_s_t_r)   Switch charset 'G0' back    to standard charset.
               Default is '\E(B'.

      CCCC0000   (_s_t_r)   Use the string as a conversion table for    font
               '0'. See    the 'ac' capability for    more details.

      CCCCSSSS   (_s_t_r)   Switch cursorkeys to application    mode.




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      CCCCEEEE   (_s_t_r)   Switch cursorkeys back to normal    mode.

      AAAANNNN   (_b_o_o_l)  Turn on autonuke. See the 'autonuke' command
               for more    details.

      OOOOLLLL   (_n_u_m)   Set the output buffer limit. See    the
               'obuflimit' command for more details.

      KKKKJJJJ   (_s_t_r)   Set the kanji type of the terminal. Valid
               strings are "jis", "euc"    and "sjis".

      AAAAFFFF   (_s_t_r)   Change character    forground color    in an ANSI
               conform way. This capability will almost    always
               be set to '\E[3%dm' ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo
               machines).

      AAAABBBB   (_s_t_r)   Same as 'AF', but change    background color.

      AAAAXXXX   (_b_o_o_l)  Does understand ANSI set    default    fg/bg color
               (\E[39m / \E[49m).

      XXXXCCCC   (_s_t_r)   Describe    a translation of characters to strings
               depending on the    current    font. More details
               follow in the next section.


     CCCCHHHHAAAARRRRAAAACCCCTTTTEEEERRRR TTTTRRRRAAAANNNNSSSSLLLLAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
      _S_c_r_e_e_n has a powerful    mechanism to translate characters to
      arbitrary strings depending on the current font and terminal
      type.     Use this feature if you want to work with a common
      standard character set (say ISO8851-latin1) even on
      terminals that scatter the more unusual characters over
      several national language font pages.

      Syntax:
          XXXXCCCC====<_c_h_a_r_s_e_t-_m_a_p_p_i_n_g>{,,,,,,,,<_c_h_a_r_s_e_t-_m_a_p_p_i_n_g>}
          <_c_h_a_r_s_e_t-_m_a_p_p_i_n_g>    := <_d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r><_t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e>{,,,,<_m_a_p_p_i_n_g>}
          <_m_a_p_p_i_n_g>    := <_c_h_a_r-_t_o-_b_e-_m_a_p_p_e_d><_t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e-_a_r_g>

      The things in    braces may be repeated any number of times.

      A <_c_h_a_r_s_e_t-_m_a_p_p_i_n_g> tells _s_c_r_e_e_n how to map characters in
      font <_d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r> ('B': Ascii, 'A': UK, 'K': german, etc.)
      to strings. Every <_m_a_p_p_i_n_g> describes    to what    string a
      single character will    be translated. A template mechanism is
      used,    as most    of the time the    codes have a lot in common
      (for example strings to switch to and    from another charset).
      Each occurence of '%'    in <_t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e> gets substituted with
      the <_t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e-_a_r_g> specified together    with the character. If
      your strings are not similar at all, then use    '%' as a
      template and place the full string in    <_t_e_m_p_l_a_t_e-_a_r_g>.    A
      quoting mechanism was    added to make it possible to use a



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      real '%'. The    '\' character quotes the special characters
      '\', '%', and    ','.

      Here is an example:

          termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'

      This tells _s_c_r_e_e_n, how to translate ISOlatin1    (charset 'B')
      upper    case umlaut characters on a hp700 terminal that    has a
      german charset. '\304' gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B'    and so
      on.  Note that this line gets    parsed *three* times before
      the internal lookup table is built, therefore    a lot of
      quoting is needed to create a    single '\'.

      Another extension was    added to allow more emulation: If a
      mapping translates the unquoted '%' char, it will be sent to
      the terminal whenever    _s_c_r_e_e_n switches    to the corresponding
      <_d_e_s_i_g_n_a_t_o_r>.    In this    special    case the template is assumed
      to be    just '%' because the charset switch sequence and the
      character mappings normaly haven't much in common.

      This example shows one use of    the extension:

          termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'

      Here,    a part of the german ('K') charset is emulated on an
      xterm.  If _s_c_r_e_e_n has    to change to the 'K' charset, '\E(B'
      will be sent to the terminal,    i.e. the ASCII charset is used
      instead. The template    is just    '%', so    the mapping is
      straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326', and ']' to
      '\334'.


     EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
      COLUMNS     Number    of columns on the terminal (overrides
             termcap entry).
      HOME         Directory in which to look for    .screenrc.
      ISCREENRC     Alternate user    screenrc file.
      LINES         Number    of lines on the    terminal (overrides
             termcap entry).
      LOCKPRG     Screen    lock program.
      NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
      PATH         Used for locating programs to run.
      SCREENCAP     For customizing a terminal's TERMCAP value.
      SCREENDIR     Alternate socket directory.
      SCREENRC     Alternate user    screenrc file.
      SHELL         Default shell program for opening windows
             (default "/bin/sh").
      STY         Alternate socket name.
      SYSSCREENRC     Alternate system screenrc file.
      TERM         Terminal name.
      TERMCAP     Terminal description.



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     SSSSCCCCRRRREEEEEEEENNNN((((1111))))        UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((11115555 OOOOcccctttt 1111999999995555))))         SSSSCCCCRRRREEEEEEEENNNN((((1111))))



     FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
      $SYSSCREENRC
      /local/etc/screenrc          _s_c_r_e_e_n initialization commands
      $ISCREENRC
      $SCREENRC
      $HOME/.iscreenrc
      $HOME/.screenrc          Read in after
                      /local/etc/screenrc
      $ISCREENDIR/S-<login>
      $SCREENDIR/S-<login>
      /local/screens/S-<login>    Socket directories (default)
      /usr/tmp/screens/S-<login>  Alternate    socket directories.
      <socket directory>/.termcap Written by the "termcap" output
                      function
      /usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange
                      or
      /tmp/screen-exchange          _s_c_r_e_e_n `interprocess
                      communication buffer'
      hardcopy.[0-9]          Screen images created by the
                      hardcopy function
      screenlog.[0-9]          Output log files created by the
                      log function
      /usr/lib/terminfo/?/*          or
      /etc/termcap              Terminal capability databases
      /etc/utmp              Login records
      $LOCKPRG              Program that locks a terminal.


     SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
      termcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1)


     AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRRSSSS
      Originally created by    Oliver Laumann,    this latest version
      was produced by Wayne    Davison, Juergen Weigert and Michael
      Schroeder.

     CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYLLLLEEEEFFFFTTTT
      Copyright (C)    1993
           Juergen Weigert ([e-mail])
           Michael Schroeder ([e-mail])
      Copyright (C)    1987 Oliver Laumann
      This program is free software; you can redistribute it
      and/or modify    it under the terms of the GNU General Public
      License as published by the Free Software Foundation;    either
      version 2, or    (at your option) any later version.
      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
      PURPOSE.  See    the GNU    General    Public License for more
      details.
      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public



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     SSSSCCCCRRRREEEEEEEENNNN((((1111))))        UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((11115555 OOOOcccctttt 1111999999995555))))         SSSSCCCCRRRREEEEEEEENNNN((((1111))))



      License along    with this program (see the file    COPYING); if
      not, write to    the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
      Place    - Suite    330, Boston, MA     02111-1307, USA

     CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTRRRRIIIIBBBBUUUUTTTTOOOORRRRSSSS
      Ken Beal ([e-mail]),
      Rudolf Koenig    ([e-mail]),
      Toerless Eckert ([e-mail]),
      Wayne    Davison    ([e-mail]),
      Patrick Wolfe    ([e-mail], kailand!pat),
      Bart Schaefer    ([e-mail]),
      Nathan Glasser ([e-mail]),
      Larry    W. Virden ([e-mail]),
      Howard Chu ([e-mail]),
      Tim MacKenzie    ([e-mail]),
      Markku Jarvinen (mta@{cc,cs,ee}.tut.fi),
      Marc Boucher ([e-mail]),
      Doug Siebert ([e-mail]),
      Ken Stillson ([e-mail]),
      Ian Frechett ([e-mail]),
      Brian    Koehmstedt ([e-mail]),
      Don Smith ([e-mail]),
      Frank    van der    Linden ([e-mail]),
      Martin Schweikert ([e-mail]),
      David    Vrona ([e-mail]),
      E. Tye McQueen ([e-mail]),
      Matthew Green    ([e-mail]),
      Christopher Williams ([e-mail]),
      Matt Mosley ([e-mail]),
      Gregory Neil Shapiro ([e-mail]).


     VVVVEEEERRRRSSSSIIIIOOOONNNN
      This is version 3.7.0. Its roots are a merge of a custom
      version 2.3PR7 by Wayne Davison and several enhancements to
      Oliver Laumann's version 2.0.    Note that all versions
      numbered 2.x are copyright by    Oliver Laumann.


     BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
      +o  `dm' (delete mode)    and `xs' are not handled correctly
         (they are ignored). `xn' is treated as a magic-margin
         indicator.

      +o  _S_c_r_e_e_n has    no clue    about double-high or double-wide
         characters.  But this is the only area where _v_t_t_e_s_t is
         allowed to    fail.

      +o  It    is not possible    to change the environment variable
         $TERMCAP when reattaching under a different terminal
         type.




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      +o  The support of terminfo based systems is very limited.
         Adding extra capabilities to $TERMCAP may not have    any
         effects.

      +o  _S_c_r_e_e_n does not make use of hardware tabs.

      +o  _S_c_r_e_e_n must be installed as set-uid with owner root in
         order to be able to correctly change the owner of the tty
         device file for each window.  Special permission may also
         be    required to write the file "/etc/utmp".

      +o  Entries in    "/etc/utmp" are    not removed when _s_c_r_e_e_n    is
         killed with SIGKILL.  This    will cause some    programs (like
         "w" or "rwho") to advertise that a    user is    logged on who
         really isn't.

      +o  _S_c_r_e_e_n may    give a strange warning when your tty has no
         utmp entry.

      +o  When the modem line was hung up, _s_c_r_e_e_n may not
         automatically detach (or quit) unless the device driver
         is    configured to send a HANGUP signal.  To    detach a
         _s_c_r_e_e_n session use    the -D or -d command line option.

      +o  A weird imagination is most useful    to gain    full advantage
         of    all the    features.

      +o  Send bugreports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money,
         beer & pizza to ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn@@@@uuuunnnniiii----eeeerrrrllllaaaannnnggggeeeennnn....ddddeeee.


























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